Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp

OA-7653A, B Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hiwasaensis ATCC 31613 1978 Otsuka Pharmaceutical 37,38... 

TABLE 2.22. Proteins Encoded in the Genomic Area Covering the Ajg-Cluster of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus DSM 40578 (Accession Code AJ628642)"... 

These are a family of novel macrolide antibiotics with high order of insecticidal and ascaricidal properties. The miibemycins are structurally related to the aver-mectins except for the fact that they have no substitution at position 13 and, therefore, may be called 13-deoxyavermectin aglycones. Originally nine miibemycins were isolated from the broth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, subsp. aureolacrimosus [24,25]. Various other milbemycin derivatives were produced by fermentation of different strains of Streptomyces such as strain MA-5920 (prepared by fusion of S. aver-mitilis protoplast with S. hygroscopicus protoplast) [26], E-225 [27] and S. eurythermus [28]. The structure of the miibemycins is represented by the general formula 14 the important members of this class are milbemycin-D (15) and nemadectin (16) [29,30]. 

The discovery of milbemycins was first reported by researchers from Sankyo in 1974 [36, 37]. The original producing strain SANK 60576 was designated Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus [38]. The fermentation products from this Actinomycete and its mutants are many. Thirteen milbemycins were isolated from the original strain, they were named ol to aio and to [39]. Later, the ai component was named milbemycin A3, the as component milbemycin A4. More derivatives were isolated from mutant strains [40, 41], among them milbemycin D (Fig. 29.6.3). 

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi (Bt), Streptomyces hygroscopicus... 

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