Stray flux

In this expression, x is the independent variable of measurement, whether it be wavelength, wave number, or other parameter. The quantity UM(x) is the flux, as measured by the spectrometer, after it has passed through the absorbing sample. The quantity BM(x) represents the flux that has passed over an identical path but in the absence of an absorbing sample. The term Dm(x) represents any additive offsets that might be introduced by stray flux, errors in electronic amplification and digital conversion, or other causes. We call the resulting measured transmittance TM(x). 

Beyond the simple resistance of a material of construction to dissolution in a given chemical, many other properties enter into consideration when makiug an appropriate or optimum MOC selection for a given environmental exposure. These factors include the influence of velocity, impurities or contaminants, pH, stress, crevices, bimetallic couples, levels of nuclear, UV, or IB radiation, microorganisms, temperature heat flux, stray currents, properties associatea with original production of the material and its subsequent fabrication as an item of equipment, as well as other physical ana mechanical properties of the MOC, the Proverbial Siebert Changes in the Phase of the Moon, and so forth. 

To protect the sample from stray electrons from the anode, from heating effects, and from possible contamination by the source enclosure, a thin (-2 pm) window of aluminum foil is interposed between the anode and the sample. For optimum X-ray photon flux on the surface (i. e. optimum sensitivity), the anode must be brought as close to the sample as possible, which means in practice a distance of -2 cm. The entire X-ray source is therefore retractable via a bellows and a screw mechanism. 

There are several factors that have made SQUID magnetometers less attractive than other methods for NQR explosives detection. The SQUID magnetometers used for NQR detection were cooled to 4.2K for operation, as were the flux transformers. SQUIDs are generally broadband devices and must be shielded from stray magnetic fields. Optimal performance is obtained at low frequency, with sensitivity decreasing with increasing frequency. 

Raiser M, Wamelink MM, Kowald A, Gerisch B, Heeren G, Strays E, Khpp E, Jakobs C, Breitenbach M, Lehrach H, Krobitsch S. Dynamic rerouting of the carbohydrate flux is key to counteracting oxidative stress. J Biol. 2007 6(4) 10. doi 10.1186/jbiol61. 

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