Straight-line velocity

The velocity the fluid is zero at the stationery plate,. t and equal the velocity v at the top plate This is shown as the straight line velocity profile in Figure ... 

The first of Newton s laws states an object will continue its motion at a constant velocity until an outside force acts on it. The block has a tendency to continue in its state of motion, whatever that state might be, until some force changes that state of motion. This tendency to continue in a state of motion is called the object s inertia. An object at rest simply has a constant velocity of zero, so it needs an outside force to start moving. The physicist s definition of velocity includes both speed and direction, so any deviation from straight line motion is a change in velocity and will require an outside force. The inertia of any object will cause it to continue to move at a constant (in a straight line) velocity (or stay at rest) until an outside force acts on it. 

Figure 11.2 Straight-line velocity (VSL) of ( ) carp, (a) goldfish and ( ) trout sperm exposed for 1 min (a) and 24 h (b) to different concentrations of TBT (as TBTC1) via an extender. Values are means SEM (n = 6). Different letters (a, b, c for carp k, 1, m for goldfish x, y, z for trout data) indicate significant differences between different treatments.

A body continues to move in a straight line at constant velocity unless a force acts upon it. 

The first molecular dynamics simulation of a condensed phase system was performed by Alder and Wainwright in 1957 using a hard-sphere model [Alder and Wainwright 1957]. In this model, the spheres move at constant velocity in straight lines between collisions. All collisions are perfectly elastic and occur when the separation between the centres of... 

This method, because it involves minimizing the sum of squares of the deviations xi — p, is called the method of least squares. We have encountered the principle before in our discussion of the most probable velocity of an individual particle (atom or molecule), given a Gaussian distr ibution of particle velocities. It is ver y powerful, and we shall use it in a number of different settings to obtain the best approximation to a data set of scalars (arithmetic mean), the best approximation to a straight line, and the best approximation to parabolic and higher-order data sets of two or more dimensions. 

For an ion traveling in a straight line in a complete vacuum, where there are no collisions, the velocity of the ion depends only on the electric potential difference through which it was accelerated, as shown by Equation 49.1 and Figure 49.4a. 

In a vacuum (a) and under the effect of a potential difference of V volts between two electrodes (A,B), an ion (mass m and charge ze) will travel in a straight line and reach a velocity v governed by the equation, mv = 2zeV. At atmospheric pressure (b), the motion of the ion is chaotic as it suffers many collisions. There is still a driving force of V volts, but the ions cannot attain the full velocity gained in a vacuum. Instead, the movement (drift) of the ion between the electrodes is described by a new term, the mobility. At low pressures, the ion has a long mean free path between collisions, and these may be sufficient to deflect the ion from its initial trajectory so that it does not reach the electrode B. 

Since the distance from the source to the detector is fixed, the time taken for an ion to traverse the analyzer in a straight line is proportional to its velocity and hence its mass (strictly, proportional to the square root of its m/z value). Thus each m/z value has its characteristic time of flight from the source to the detector. 

Referring now to Nomograph 1, draw a straight line between the air-velocity and the pipe-diameter scales so that when the line is extended it will intersect the air-vohime scale at a certain point. 

Curves relating the optimum velocity to the solute diffusivity are shown in Figure 6. It is seen that the straight lines predicted by the Van Deemter equation are realized for both solutes. 

Figure 9.1-3 shows a cutaway of a tube of radius a, length C, in which a fluid of viscosity q is flowing. The velocity goes to zero at the wall of the tube and reaches a maximum in the center in a parabolic shape. The flow is laminar (straight line, parallel to the axis), hence, an imaginary cylinder of radius r may be inserted as i... 

Pressure loss for inlet louvers based on two face velocity heads and 0.075 Ib/ft air is given as 0.02 in. water for 400 ft/min face velocity to 0.32 in. water for 1,600 fpm, varying slightly less than a straight line [19]. 

Kinematics is based on one-dimensional differential equations of motion. Suppose a particle is moving along a straight line, and its distance from some reference point is S (see Figure 2-6a). Then its linear velocity and linear acceleration are defined by the differential equations given in the top half of Column 1, Table 2-5. The solutions... 

If (U is plotted against 1/m0 8 a straight line, known as a Wilson plot, is obtained with a slope of l/ and an intercept equal to the value of the constant. For a clean tube R, should be nil, and hence h0 can be found from the value of the intercept, as xw/kw will generally be small for a metal tube, hi may also be obtained at a given velocity from the difference between 1 jU at that velocity and the intercept. 

Figure 8. For any set of conditions, the greatest velocity that a muscle can shorten is attained when the total force opposing shortening is zero. Empirically, the maximum velocity of shortening increases with the degree of phosphorylation of myosin. This is seen as the straight line in the velocity-phosphorylation plane. The maximum force that a smooth muscle can develop is not increased by phosphorylation beyond about 25% phosphorylation. It seems therefore that past a point, phosphorylation regulates the rate at which work is being done rather than the force that can be developed. The force a muscle can develop if 25% myosin is phosphorylated is maximal and saturated however, the rate of doing work is not saturated and continues to increase with further phosphorylation.

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