Straight joints

Large-sized pipe is commonly made of concrete, cast on the job, or a concreted tunnel is constructed. The smaller tile can be either straight joint or of the bell-and-spigot type. Building and sanitary codes of municipalities control the type and size of drain tile permitted, especially where the sanitary sewage of the plant is handled in the municipal system. In general, main soil pipe cannot be less than 4 in. soil pipe for more than five water closets not less than 6 in. drain soil lines not less than 4 in. and main waste pipes not less than 2 in. when service is required for more than five sinks, urinals, or showers, the size should be not less than 4 in. Vent pipes should not be less than 2 in. 

Production of carbon electrodes is a capital-intensive business. Two suppHers dominate the prebaked market. Carbon paste producers are more numerous and tend to serve local markets. There is no international standard for the threaded joints on carbon electrodes. Manufacturers of straight pin carbon electrodes have followed the physical specifications adopted for graphite electrodes (37). Unified standards do not exist for pinless joints resulting in limited interchangeability among brands. Electrode diameters are offered in both English and metric sizes with no restrictions on new or unique diameters. 

This is almost equal to the speed of light in free space and is true for straight conductors without any joints or discontinuities. 

An expansion Joint connects two straight, normally aligned sections of the same run of busbars. 

---