Storage of flammables

Storage of Flammable Materials. The preferred storage for flammable Hquids or gases is in properly designed tanks. Floating roof tanks frequently are used in the petroleum industry for flammable cmdes and products (see Tanks and pressure vessels). The vents on cone roof tanks should either be equipped with flame arrestors or the vapor space above the contents should be inerted with a nonflammable gas or vapor, unless the flash point is weU above the maximum ambient temperature, the contents are not heated above the flash point, and the tank is not exposed to other tanks containing flammable Hquids. 

Substanees may be heated to their flash points by other substanees with lower flash points burning in elose proximity. Storage of flammable ehemieals, therefore, needs eareful eonsideration. 

HS(Gj50 The storage of flammable liquids m fixed tanks (up to 10 000 m total capacity)... 

FPN No. 2) Piping without valves, checks, meters, and similar devices would not ordinarily introduce a hazardous condition even though used for flammable liquids or gases. Locations used for the storage of flammable liquids or of liquefied or compressed gases in sealed containers would not normally be considered hazardous unless also subject to other hazardous conditions. 

Some larger institutions build special explosion-proof rooms for storage of flammables. These must conform to all official rules with respect to design, construction, and location. 

Storage of flammables has been discussed separately, since these materials present special hazards, but there are many other materials that must be stored with special care. These may be toxic or corrosive, or they may be capable of entering into violent reactions if mixed in case of breakage or spills. Some may give off hazardous fumes even if stored in nominally closed containers. 

HS(G)50 Storage of flammable liquids in fixed tanks (up to 10000m total capacity). 

Minimum recommended spacing distances Flammable liquids Storage of Flammable Liquids in Tanks (HSE, HSG 176) Storage of Flammable Liquids in Containers (HSE, HSG 51) Storage of Highly Flammable Liquids (HSE, CS2) Highly Flammable Materials on Construction Sites (HSE, HSG 3) Storage of Flammable Liquids in Fixed Tanks, up to 10 000 m Total Capacity (HSE, HSG 50)... 

Filling, emptying of flammable liquids Storage of flammable liquids in old containers 0.25... 

In the storage of flammable liquids, if the composition of the vapour-air mixture above the liquid surface falls within the flammability limits, a floating roof tank would be used or the tank blanketed with inert gas. Check if the vapour composition for liquids listed below will fall within their flammability range, at atmospheric pressure and 25°C. 

Table 7. Classification of Factors Involved in Dust Explosion Hazards for the Storage of Flammable Powders (Glor, 1988)...

Necessary Kinetic and Thermophysical Data Are Lacking 147 FIGURE 3.22. One Design for Safe Atmospheric Storage of Flammable... 

LNAPL recovery projects require careful planning, operation, and management. Some additional factors become important at unforeseen times. Recovery of free product often produces flammable vapors at concentrations that can violate air quality standards if freely released. Vapor treatment should be considered early in the design process. Storage of flammable liquids in appropriate containers is necessary. 

Fired process heaters and boilers, incinerators, flares, and other equipment with flame burners are located at an appropriate distance from high value operating or processing areas, large volume storage of flammable or combustible materials, control rooms, operating offices, and their occupants. 

Fire extinguishment can be attained with certain products by using a sprinkler system that discharges a low expansion foam or AFFF agent, typically at concentrations of 1%, 3%, or 6% with water. Foam-water sprinkler systems have been successfully tested with ordinary products and containerized storage of flammable and combustible liquids. The cooling capabilities of foam-water... 

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed several principal codes pertaining to the storage of flammable and combustible liquids ... 

Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC) publishes a number of standards for aboveground tanks and accessories. All the following pertain to the aboveground storage of flammable liquids and combustible liquids such as gasoline, fuel oil, or similar products with a relative density not greater than 1.0 ... 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) also approves and rates storage tanks. Factors including tank wall thickness, type of metal used, welding procedure, venting, supports, pressure ratings, and other related topics are specifically defined in the approval codes. Guidelines which relate directly to the storage of flammable and combustible materials are provided under UL Code 142. 

Improper storage of flammable or combustible liquids, check here 10 ... 

Storage of flammable, toxic, combustible, or corrosive materials... 

A typical loss prevention principle, LPP 7.1, deals with the storage of flammable liquids. It defines flammable liquids, then discusses eight factors to be considered in storing such chemicals. The major factors, each with several subdivisions, are ... 

Whitaker, G., The Use of Conductive Plastic Containers in the Handling and Storage of Flammable Solvents and Powders, IBC Conference on Recent Developments in the... 

Predictive hazard evaluation procedures may be required when new and different processes, designs, equipment, or procedures are being contemplated. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index provides a direct method to estimate the risks in a chemical process based upon flammability and reactivity characteristics of the chemicals, general process hazards (as exothermic reactions, indoor storage of flammable liquids, etc.) and special hazards (as operation above the flash point, operation above the auto-ignition point, quantity of flammable liquid, etc.). Proper description of this index is best found in the 57-page Dows Fire and Explosion Index, Hazard Classification Guide, 5 th ed., AIChE, New York, 1981. 

Cabinets designed for the storage of flammable chemicals should be properly used and maintained. Read and follow the manufacturer s information and follow these safety practices ... 

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