Stiffness effective

The description of the chain dynamics in terms of the Rouse model is not only limited by local stiffness effects but also by local dissipative relaxation processes like jumps over the barrier in the rotational potential. Thus, in order to extend the range of description, a combination of the modified Rouse model with a simple description of the rotational jump processes is asked for. Allegra et al. [213,214] introduced an internal viscosity as a force which arises due to a transient departure from configurational equilibrium, that relaxes by reorientational jumps. Thereby, the rotational relaxation processes are described by one single relaxation rate Tj. From an expression for the difference in free energy due to small excursions from equilibrium an explicit expression for the internal viscosity force in terms of a memory function is derived. The internal viscosity force acting on the k-th backbone atom becomes ... 

It is a chlorine-resistant finishing agent for full and stiff effects on textiles of all types when dried at a temperature of at least 120C, the finishes are also resistant to washing. PERAPRET WF is used mainly for Interllnings and for tablecloths and bedsheets. 

Figure 8-23. Hair fiber stiffness. Effect of relative humidity [74]. Reprinted with permission of the Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists.

Effective Patch Stiffness + Effective Degraded Stiffness... 

Effective Mass -1- Effective Guide Stiffness Effective Mass... 

Fig. 23.8 Structural stiffness effect on settlement-rotation behavior on dense sand for Type A 1 and Type A 2 structures...

Discrepancies between numerical values of the estimated damping coefficients is shown in Table I. The frequency domain approach invariably produced an indication of strong cross-coupling terms which was not confirmed either by the time-domain results or by direct observation of the damper ring response. The authors believe that the squeeze-film was probably over-excited during the frequency domain tests and consequently driven out of the linear regime. The presence of significant nonlinear stiffness effects in the squeeze-film could account for the discrepancies which have been observed. 

The third parameter investigated is the effect of trachea stiffness. As explained in previous section, due to difficulty of acquiring images for bronchial tube, blood vessels images are assumed to be the trachea. In this simulation, equivalent stiffness method is used to investigate the stiffness effect at the increase rate of 1 [%] in the range from 0 5[%]. The values are as shown in table 3. 

The investigation of stiffness effects upon aggregation is certainly of interest, even more so if the knowledge of the single-chain behavior (see Chapter 7) is taken into account. However, we will now focus on the even more exciting feature of transition hierarchies that we have already observed in the case of heteropolymer aggregation in the last chapter, without discussing it in detail there. 

Mizuno et al. analyzed the A2, data for benzyl-PS in terms of the ternary cluster and stiffness effects, because the end effect should be negligible for the polymer whose benzyl-end groups... 

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