Steroidal amines toxic

The toxicity of steroidal amines is such that it is sometimes difficult to perform on them the microbiological reactions normally done with other steroids. How-... 

The synthesis of the steroidal amine (51) has been reported. Compound (51) is structurally related to the extremely toxic alkaloid batrachotoxin (52), isolated from the skin of the Columbian arrow-poison frog, Phyllobates aurotaenia. The isolation of tomentomin (53) from leaves of Marsdenia tomentosa is the subject of a recent patent. ... 

Lehn synthesised guanidinium-based cationic steroids incorporating an acylhy-drazone linker using the approach shown in Fig. 9 [141]. The synthesis was developed from a polyamine scaffold by guanidination of the primary amino groups and alkylation of the secondary amine with methyl chloroacetate to introduce the ester moiety required to form a hydrazide group by reaction with hydrazine monohydrate. Cationic steroid hydrazones were then prepared via an acetic acid catalysed reaction with cholestanones, which demonstrated high transfection efficiency and low toxicity in a variety of cell lines [141]. 

Alcohols, phenols, hydroxylamines, and amines can be sulfated, as can endogenous substrates such as steroids, polysaccharides, and biogenic amines. Sulfation can lead to metabolites that are more toxic than their precursors (Fig. 6). 

Marine natural products have been extensively reviewed in many monographs and journals (1-17). Kobayashi and Ishibashi have reviewed marine alkaloids in general in this series (16), and our recent review (17) provides an account of toxic alkaloids of marine origin. This chapter is intended to provide the reader a brief description of the isolation, structure elucidation, synthetic studies, and biological screening of important classes of steroidal alkaloids and amines of marine origin. 

Heparin is usually considered only as an anticoagulant agent. Its more basic antiinflammatory functions, which take place in the connective tissue and result from its local interaction with toxic substances, are often overlooked. The present article deals with the antiinflammatory action of heparin and with its interaction with the steroids and amines. 

Such substances can affect spermatogenesis and cause testicular atrophy. Among these chemicals are certain metals, solvents, pesticides, and food colors. Some chemicals manifest their toxicity on the testis. These include alkylating agents, naphthenic amines, and steroid hormones. Substances such as methylmethane sulfonate can cause the spermatozoa to become defective or less mobile. Studies on experimental animals indicate that certain componnds can indnce tnmors in testis. A notable example is linnron, a... 

There are many natural and synthetic amine salts of biological interest. Two examples are squalamine, an antimicrobial steroid recently isolated from the dogfish shark (see Chapter 15 for more about steroids), and (+)-methamphetamine hydrochloride, the addictive and toxic stimulant commonly known as ice or meth. ... 

Numerous species of amphibians contain substances in their skin that render them noxious or toxic to potential predators. The active substances in the skin include amines (norepinephrine and histamine), piperidines, steroidal alkaloids, bufodienolides, and tetrodotoxin (reviews in Daly et al. 1978 Daly 1982). 

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