Sterling FTG

The charge density, Volta potential, etc., are calculated for the diffuse double layer formed by adsorption of a strong 1 1 electrolyte from aqueous solution onto solid particles. The experimental isotherm can be resolved into individual isotherms without the common monolayer assumption. That for the electrolyte permits relating Guggenheim-Adam surface excess, double layer properties, and equilibrium concentrations. The ratio u0/T2N declines from two at zero potential toward unity with rising potential. Unity is closely reached near kT/e = 10 for spheres of 1000 A. radius but is still about 1.3 for plates. In dispersions of Sterling FTG in aqueous sodium ff-naphthalene sulfonate a maximum potential of kT/e = 7 (170 mv.) is reached at 4 X 10 3M electrolyte. The results are useful in interpretation of the stability of the dispersions. 

Sodium / -naphthalenesulfonate was chosen as the surface-active electrolyte because its structure is simple and rigid. It does not form micelles, so there is no question as to the species adsorbed on the surface. It is a strong electrolyte and is expected to be essentially completely ionized at saturation coverage. SNS stabilized dispersions flocculate over periods of minutes to months depending on the concentration of SNS. Sterling FTG has a non-polar, non-ionic, hydrophobic surface. The ultimate particles have large, flat, polyhedral surfaces. The particle size distribution of the dry carbon is narrower than that of most colloidal carbons (2). 

Glass column 10 m x 0.5 mm, sorbent 5% cobalt phthalocyanine on Sterling FTG carbon black, temperature 178 °C, elution order methane, 2-picoline, 2,6-lutidine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine + 2,5-lutidine, aniline, o-toluidine + A/,W-dimethylaniline, AAmethylaniline, p-toluidine, m-toluidine, 3-picoline + 4-picoline. 

When the column is filled with a suspension, one end is carefully sealed with a microbumer. The open end of the capillary column is introduced into a drying apparatus similar to that described by llkova and Mistryukov [32], and the solvent vaporizes at 140 °C while the column slowly enters the oven. A thin carbon black layer is then formed on the walls of the column. The amount of GTCB Sterling FTG introduced into the column depends on the concentration of the suspension used. Most often it was about 10 mg/m of capillary column. 

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