Steels fretting corrosion

Brown, S. A. and Simpson, J. P., Crevice and Fretting Corrosion of Stainless-Steel Plates and Screws , Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 15, 867-878 (1981)... 

For protection of engineering parts against fretting corrosion, on electrical cables and on printing cylinders. Temporary protection allied with lubrication is provided by immersion deposits of copper on steel wire. 

When two metals in intimate contact are subjected to vibration, a dark powder forms at the areas of contact. The effect is referred to as fretting corrosion though it is due to wear rather than true corrosive attack. The galling effect between nickel and steel ensures good resistance to fretting corrosion and lubricated nickel against steel is a very satisfactory combination used widely in industry for components assembled by press-fitting. 

Mechanism. Basically, fretting is a form of adhesive or abrasive wear, where the normal load causes adhesion between asperities and oscillatory movement causes ruptures, resulting in wear debris. Most commonly, fretting is combined with corrosion, in which case the wear mode is known as fretting corrosion. For example, in the case of steel particles, the freshly worn nascent surfaces oxidize (corrode) to FejO, and the... 

Modeling fretting corrosion. An equation has been used for steel to evaluate the loss of weight W caused by fretting corrosion based on a model that combines the chemical and mechanical effect of the corrosion by fretting. The chemical factor concerns the oxidation that occurs at the time of wear, corresponding to adsorption of oxygen to form the oxide. The mechanical factor concerns the loss of particles, at the asperities on the opposite surface. 

Figure 8.20. Weight loss of mild steel versus mild steel by fretting corrosion In air [87],...

Xulin, S., Ito, A., Tateishi, T., et al., "Fretting Corrosion Resistance and Fretting Corrosion Product Cytocompatibility of Ferritic Stainless Steel, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 34, 1997, pp. 9-14. 

Figure 4.76 The mechanism of fretting corrosion at a steel surface (schematic view)...

Fretting corrosion is most prevalent with steel parts where the oxidation process produces an obvious, distinctive, red oxide abrasive dust. Stainless steels are not immune, particularly ferritic t) es. Fretting of aluminum alloys produces a white oxide debris that is also very abrasive. 

Xulin S., Ito A., Tateishi T. and Hoshino A. (1997), Fretting corrosion resistance and fretting corrosion product cytocompatibility of ferritic stainless steel , J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 34,9-14. (doi 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199701)... 

Even though copper is soft, it has many engineering applications in addition to its decorative function. One such application is the corrosion protection of steel. It can be used as an alternative to nickel to prevent fretting and scaling corrosion. Copper can be deposited electrochemically from various aqueous solutions. The properties of the deposit will depend on the chosen bath and the applied procedures. The hardness of the layers varies from 40 to 160 HV. 

---