Steam turbines using

Figure 2-1. Steam turbine using impulse blading. (Source Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.)...

Figure 2-2. Steam turbine using reaction blading. (Source GHH-Borsig.)...

The mechanical drive steam turbine uses expanding steam to drive a rotating wheel with a power shaft. See Figures 16-16A-H. 

Figure 14-16H. Impulse type multistage, multivane high speed steam turbine. (Used by permission General Electric Co.)...

Figure 14-18A. Condensing, extraction mechanical drive steam turbine. (Used by permission Lamberson, J. and Moll, R. Technology Report ST 18.6. Dresser-Rand Company.

Figure 14-19A. Heat balance arrangements for steam turbines. (Used by permission Rowley, L N., B. G. A. Skrotzki and W. A. Vopat. Power, Dec. 1945. McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.)...

Figure 14-24. Steam sealing systems for condensing and noncondensing steam turbines. (Used by permission Bui. 8908-EMD. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

A boiler that supplies a steam turbine used in an electric power plant must raise the temperature of water from the ambient temperature passing through a physical state change and then to live (very hot) steam. How much energy (kcal and kJ) would be required to raise 15,000 L of water from 25°C to steam at 175°C (steam requires 0.5 cal/g K) ... 

In a condensing-extraction steam turbine used in a process plant, steam at 850 psi and 000°F is expanded to 2 in. Hg back-pressure, and process steam is extracted at 40 psi. The turbine operates at a combined efficiency of 72.5%. If 300,000 Ib/h of steam is condensed and 200,000 Ib/h of steam is extracted from the turbine, what is the total power developed at the alternator terminals ... 

The general problem of points of inflexion applies equally to gas flow networks. Take, for example, the steam flows in a steam turbine. Using the idealized, isentropic form given in Chapter 16, Section 16.8, the flow at pressure ratios in excess of the respective critical pressures for both a conveigent-only and a convergent-divergent nozzle is given by (see equations (16.83) and (16.84)) ... 

Example 6.13 Steam Turbine using Steam Tables... 

Example 6.14 Steam Turbine using the Mollier Graph... 

Steam turbine used for the generation of electricity Turbine overspeeding [load disconnection suddenly] /[trip throttle valve stuck] /control valve fault//[extrac-tion valve fault]. Bearings damaged" [turbine overspeeding] /[lube oil] /exces-sive vibration/no lube oil/bearing temperature too hot/insuffident oil because of dogged lines/flow of parasitic currents. 

This group of characteristics specifies the main component of the conventional plant, the steam turbine used to drive the electrical generator. 

Machines are not driven by the heat of steam, but by the velocity of steam. Mainly, I m referring to steam turbines used to drive pumps, compressors, air blowers, and electrical generators. It s the velocity of the steam striking the turbine blades that causes the turbine to spin. The greater the velocity of the steam striking the turbine blades, the more work can be extracted from each pound of steam. The application of thermodynamics in the process plant is intended to maximize the velocity of steam. 

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