Stationary domains

Very recently Tokita and Tanaka have performed a macroscopic measurement of the friction coefficient and have found its dramatic decrease with slight opacity near the critical point [86]. We conjecture that such a large anomaly was caused by stationary domain structures with large spatial scales and not by the thermal fluctuations decaying diffusively. 

Grauel and Krischer also detected similar stationary domains during the oxidation of H2 on a Pt ring electrode in sulfuric acid [182]. As can be seen in the cyclic voltammogram in Fig. 46a, in this case the homogeneous active branch coexisted with the oxide covered passive branch, and thus the homogeneous dynamics were bistable. The stationary structure displayed in Fig. 46b spontaneously formed when a... 

WE and the CE and a on the relative placement of the WE and the RE, whether stationary domains might occur or not depends on the relative positions of all three electrodes in a nontrivial manner. 

Fig. 73. Dynamic behavior in S-NDR systems with high conductivity under galvanostatic conditions [22]. (a) Stable stationary domains for two values of the imposed current density, (b) 7/(4 DL plot showing stable and unstable states. The thin lines denote the homogeneous solutions, the thick ones domain solutions. Solid line stable state dashed line unstable state. The arrows indicate the transitions between homogeneous and domain states that would be observed in a galvanodynamic experiment, (c) Chaotically breathing domains that exist in small parameter regions if the characteristic time of the autocatalytic chemical variable is much faster than that of the double layer potential.

H)N-NDR systems DL activator accelerated waves, inhomogeneous (BF unstable) oscillations stationary domains, standing waves, anti-phase oscillations with n = 1 pulses, target patterns, clusters enhanced acceleration of potential fronts, mainly homogenizing effect cluster formation in the oscillatory region... 

S-NDR systems (4DL inhibitor Turing-like structures (n > 1) standing waves, anti-phase oscillations with n = 1 or mixed-mode structures with n > 1 pulses stationary domains (n = 1 or n > 1)... 

Stationary domain walls. For the sake of simplicity, let us consider a plane domain wall perpendicular to the axis X, which separates two semi-infinite roll systems with wave vectors ki and lc2 [51], as shown in Fig. 15a. Because the Lyapunov functional densities of both roll patterns are equal, there is no reason for a motion of the domain wall, hence it is motionless [52]. The problem is governed by the following system of ordinary differential equations ... 

Figure 15. (a) Stationary domain wall between two systems of rolls with different wavevec-... 

Fig. 3 Starting synthetic jet. The first two ingestion/ expulsion cycles are visualized. In the first cycle a laminar vortex ring emanates from the orifice in a stationary domain. The following vortex ring is turbulent due to chaotic motion inside the cavity after the ingestion period, (a) Original LIT visualization, (b) After postprocessing calculation to identify sharp gradient lines...

The inertia mode has been observed in experiment [44, 93, 94]. Figure 5.16 presents the frequency dependences of the threshold for the appearance of a stationary domain pattern in strongly conducting nematic liquid crystals with Ae < 0 [93]. The domains here have a width exceeding the thickness of the cell wide domains), and are oriented at right angles to the initial orientation of the director. The threshold voltage is practically independent of the thickness of the layer and is proportional to The frequency dependence of the threshold is different for diflFerent samples, which may be caused by the firequency dependence of the electrical conductivity which also includes the dielectric losses. These results correspond to the theoretical predictions for an inertia mode of an electrohydrodynamic instability [92]. 

In our second example, we consider confining walls to be the external agent that stimulates changes in the properties of the system. In many potential applications, the BZ gels would be locatized on a surface or confined between walls. Thus, it becomes necessary to estabtish how the confining, hard walls could be utilized to manipulate the pattern formation and yield well-defined behavior. By undertaking these studies, we found that the removal of just a portion of a wall can drive a previously stationary domain into an oscillatory state and, in this manner, we can... 

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