Startup Goals

Speed and Safety are the most important goals during startup. 

The investment spending has been made, but the project will not earn a penny until the plant produces on-spec product. The quicker the startup the higher the IRR and NPV of the project. The following will help ensure a quick startup. 

The organization chart shown in Fig. 18.2 was intended for a medium sized project and should be modified to fit different situations. 

As mentioned in the introduction, startup planning must begin during Front End Loading. 

Even if a plant is not scheduled to operate around the clock once it has started up, the startup should be three shifts a day, seven days a week. A single shift startup will take 5 to 10 times longer to complete. 

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Startup and Shutdown Strategies. In addition to safe operation, the usual goal of a reactor startup is to minimize production of off-specification material. This can sometimes be accomplished perfectly. 

Physical location also helped the successful startups to attain their goals. Close ties to leading research universities enhanced the startups technical capabilities. Of the eight largest revenue-producing biopharmaceutical companies in 1994, three—Genentech, Chiron, and to a lesser extent, Amgen— were created with and continued to be nurtured by ties with the University... 

Similar detailed design and scale-up considerations were extended to the other sections of the MTG plant and resulted in meeting its startup and operating goals. 

The chosen explosion protective measures must also remain effective during startup and shutdown of the plant, as well as during disturbances. If this goal can not be achieved by these preventive measures, then constructive measures are used, for example ... 

Generic Safety Issue (GSI) B-56 in NUREG-0933 (Reference 1), addresses emergency diesel generator reliability. The reliability goal identified in NSAC-108, (Reference 2) for emergency diesel generator startup, is between. 95 and. 975 per demand. 

How to start up and shut down a stack impact its lifetime significantly. The most important thing is to minimize or better prevent the formation of H2/air boundary at the anode, followed by shortening the time at OCV. Several methods can achieve those goals. One method invented by the Author only resulted in 25 mV voltage loss (at 0.6 A cm ) after 20,000 times of startup and shutdown cycles. 

To indicate the maximum excess reactivity typical startup reactivity (reactor with unirradiated fuel/and fuel irradiated to goal exposure), transients are shown in Figure 5-1 for the green and ripe piles/ The... 

There are eight basic steps to be considered for every type of pre-startup safety review program. Each facility can choose the best way to achieve their method of accomplishing the end goals of these steps. Those end goals may be ... 

In the section we try to discuss the systematic ptroblems and design concerns on performance, scalability and stability. Based on the Uve peer s startup models, we will analyze PPLive s design goals, and how PPLive tends to reach the goals VoD network sharing environment will be analyzed and the inherent connection with user behavior will be revealed. 

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