Stamen filamentous

In the more benign asexual cycle, Epichloe endophytes (and all Neotyphodium species) remain asymptomatic (Fig. 1). As floral primordia are formed, endophytes grow into ovules, proliferate in the nucellus tissues, and later colonize the embryonic axis of the developing seed, which leads to vertical transmission (Freeman, 1904 Philipson and Christey, 1986). Hyphae in the remnant nucellar layer form a conspicuous mat between the aleuron and the seed coat (White et al., 1991). Symptomless endophytes may also invade stamen filaments and anther walls, but have never been found in pollen grains, and apparently are not disseminated via paternal structures (Sampson, 1933 Hinton and Bacon, 1985). Vertical transmission of endophytes in infected tillers occurs at nearly 100% efficiency (Siegel et al., 1984). However, seeds which are free of endophyte may occasionally be produced when shoot meristems of individual... 

C) Stamen filament bases in five antesepalous triplets, transition from symplicate to synascioliate zone of the ovary at the level of the placentae. (D) Synascidiate zone of the ovary. (E) Floral base, with five antesepalous nectariferous depressions. Scale bar (A)-(E) = 500 pm. 

Koevenig JL (1973) Nonpolar movement of N6-benzyladenine- C in coleoptile, stem, petiole and floral organ sections. Can J Bot 51. 2079-2083 Koevenig JL, Jacobs WP (1972) Effect of light on basipetal movement of indoleacetic acid in green stem sections of Coleus. Plant Physiol 49 866-867 Koevenig JL, Sillix D (1973) Movement of lAA in sections from spider flower (Cleome hassleriana) stamen filaments. Am J Bot 60 231-235... 

The flowers are small, about 1/5 of an inch long with five lobed corollas with five stamens and short filaments. The flowers are fragrant and form a flat-topped cluster (known as a corymbose cyme) with stalks of different lengths all growing to the same level. They bloom from the center outward. The flowers are often pollinated by flies and other insects. The purplish black berries, which ripen in September in the Northern Hemisphere, contain ovate greenish brown seeds. The berries are actually black, but have a powdery blush on them which makes them appear blue. There are often three seeds in each berry. Red berries, which should not be eaten, have too high a saponin content which even keeps animals from consuming them. Plants can usually reproduce by the time they are three to five years old. 

FILAMENT The anther-bearing stalks of stamens also a threadlike series of cells attached to one another or a very long cylindrical single cell. 

The flowers of members of the Brassicaceae have four petals arranged in a cross-like pattern (the old name for this family was Cruciferae, referring to the cross of crucifixion). The flowers of mustards contain both female and male parts (i.e., they are monoecious). There are six stamens, of which four have long filaments, and two have short filaments. The seeds of plants in this family are contained in a relatively long inflated structure called a silique, or in a rounder flattened structure known as a silicle. When mature, the outer walls of the fruits fall away, leaving an inner partition to which the seeds are loosely attached. 

A complete stamen (Fig. 93Z ) consists of a more or less slender stalk portion called a filament and a terminal appendage called the anther or microsortis. The anther is generally vertically halved by an upgrowth of th e filament, called the dividing the anther... 

Color of Stamens.—In most spedes the color of these organs is seldom pronounced owing to their delicate structure. It varies from greenish-yellow to yellow to white, through pink, pinkish-red, red, purple, purple-blue to blue. It is yellow, for instance, in Sassafras, Cucumber and Golden Club greenish-yellow, yellow to red, in Maples yellow-pink to pink and pinkish-red, in some Mallows in Azalea amena the filaments are crimson-purple and the anthers, purple-blue in the genus Scilla both filaments and anthers are blue. 

Development of the Anther.—Each stamen originates as a knoblike swelling from the receptacle between the petals and carpels. This swelling represents mainly future soral (anther) tissue. The filament develops later. When such a young sorus or anther is cut... 

Staminate flowers in elongated catkins, each consisting of two to eight stamens inserted on the torus-like base of the oval to oval-lanceolate bracts of the catkin, usually subtended by two or fohr or rarely by numerous bracteoles filaments short or elongated. 

Connective.—The continuation of the filament of the stamen that connects the two lobes of the anther. 

Deter minate.—Applied to inflorescences on which flowering begins with the terminal bud, thus ending the elongation of the stem bearing the flowers. Diadel phous.—Applied to stamens whose filaments are united at their edges into two sets. 

Monadel phous.—App ied to stamens which are united by their filaments into one set as in the Mahacem. 

Other distinguishing features Stamens 10, nine of the filaments fused. Banner petal obovate, keel blunt, equal in length to banner, wings shorter than keel. 

Other distinguishing features Stamens many, staminal filaments connate and forming a mbe. 

Other distinguishing features Stamens 15-30, in 2 whorls, filaments unequal in height. 

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