Stage II testing

How can you insure scalability from Stage I to Stage II testing ... 

Infants are able to acquire odor preferences on the first day of life. In one experiment, 12 male and 12 female white, healthy, full-term neonates were exposed to the odors of cherry or ginger on a pad taped to the inside of their crib for 24 hours. After this exposure, they were tested for preferences during active sleep (stage II). The behavior was videotaped and the duration of time oriented to each odor measured. Only the female neonates showed a preference for the familiar odor (Balogh and Porter, 1986). Therefore, even on the first day of life, females outperform males, as often described for children and adults (e.g. Yousem etal, 1999). 

Usefulness in patent law, and in particular in the context of pharmaceutical inventions, necessarily includes the expectation of further research and development. The stage at which an invention in this field becomes useful is well before it is ready to be administered to humans. Were we to require Phase II testing in order to prove utility, the associated costs would prevent many companies from obtaining patent protection on promising new inventions, thereby eliminating an incentive to pursue, through research and development, potential cures in many crucial areas such as the treatment of cancer. 

Work in the first phase involved preliminary checking of equipment and instruments for measuring emissions, as well as establishment of N0X reduction trends using staged combustion techniques, while burning the current power plant fuel, a low-sulfur No. 6 fuel oil. The purpose of this phase was to reduce the time necessary to carry out the subsequent SRC-II tests and to achieve minimum NO levels with the limited supply (4,500 bbls) of SRC-II fuel oil. X... 

The validity of the SECV method was first tested for a stage II PEVD sample at 550°C. Thus, the results from SECV and the steady-state potentiostatic method could be compared. 

Kjellstrom, T, P. Kennedy, S. Wallis, A. Stewart, L., Eriberg, B. Lind, T. Wutherspoon, and C. Mantell. 1989. Physical and Mental Development of Children with Prenatal Exposure to Mercury from Pish. Stage II Interviews and psychological tests at age 6. National Swedish Environmental Protection Board Report 3642. Solna, Sweden. 

---