Spring grazing

In milk approximately 90% of the yellow color is because of the presence of -carotene, a fat-soluble carotenoid extracted from feed by cows. Summer milk is more yellow than winter milk because cows grazing on lush green pastures in the spring and summer months consume much higher levels of carotenoids than do cows ham-fed on hay and grain in the fall and winter. Various breeds of cows and even individual animals differ in the efficiency with which they extract -carotene from feed and in the degree to which they convert it into colorless vitamin A. The differences in the color of milk are more obvious in products made from milk fat, since here the yellow color is concentrated. Thus, unless standardized through the addition of colorant, products like butter and cheese show a wide variation in shade and in many cases appear unsatisfactory to the consumer. 

Symptoms Rabbits graze on young shoots. Plants can be eaten to ground level and bark stripped from trees. Most damage in spring and early summer. 

Its detonation is transmitted thru booster lead to booster and then to the main chge of projectile. Detonation may also be caused by graze impact. In this case, an inertia-operated firing pin overcomes a creep spring and initiates the stab primer M97, which, in turn, shock initiates the electric detonator M69 (Ref 52, PP 5-55 5-56 Fig 5-38 on p 5-56)... 

Hansen FC, van Boekel WHM (1991) Grazing pressure of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis on a Phaeocystis dominated spring bloom in a Dutch tidal inlet. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 78 123-129... 

Stelfox-Widdicombe CE, Archer SD, Burkill PH, Stefels J (2004) Microzooplankton grazing in Phaeocystis and diatom-dominated waters in the southern North Sea in spring. J Sea Res 51 37... 

The duration of the spring bloom is limited by nutrient availability and/or grazing by zooplankton. Phytoplankton growth and abundance then decline to lower levels, which are maintained throughout the summer by nutrient recycling within the euphotic zone. In some locations, limited mixing in autumn can stimulate another small bloom, before deep winter mixing returns the system to its winter condition. 

W. Lampert, W. Fleckner, H. Rai, B.E. Taylor (1986). Phytoplankton control by grazing zooplankton A study on the spring dear-water phase. Limnol Oceanogr., 31, 478-490. 

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