Spreading final

Tranche Moody s Rating Tranche Size ( million) Available Subordination (%) Spread Final Maturity... 

Credit spread call =Nominal x (Strike credit spread - Final credit spread)... 

Initial versus Final Spreading Coefficients on Water [9,10] ... 

The final or equilibrium spreading coefficient is therefore negative thus if ben-... 

If the spreading is into a limited surface area, as in a laboratory experiment, the film front rather quickly reaches the boundaries of the trough. The film pressure at this stage is low, and the now essentially uniform film more slowly increases in v to the final equilibrium value. The rate of this second-stage process is mainly determined by the rate of release of material from the source, for example a crystal, and the surface concentration F [46]. Franses and co-workers [47] found that the rate of dissolution of hexadecanol particles sprinkled at the water surface controlled the increase in surface pressure here the slight solubility of hexadecanol in the bulk plays a role. 

Films spread at liquid-liquid interfaces or on liquids other than water are discussed followed by the important effects of charged monolayers on water. Finally, the most technologically important application of Langmuir films, the Langmuir-Blodgett film deposited on a solid substrate, is reviewed. 

Another consideration when gaseous samples are ionized is the variation in where the ions are fonned in the source. The above arguments assumed that the ions were all fonned at a connnon initial position, but in practice they may be fonned anywhere in the acceleration zone. The result is an additional spread in the final TOF distributions, smce ions... 

Finally, Gaussian wavepacket methods are described in which the nuclear wavepacket is described by one or more Gaussian functions. Again the equations of motion to be solved have the fomi of classical trajectories in phase space. Now, however, each trajectory has a quantum character due to its spread in coordinate space. 

The biasing function is applied to spread the range of configurations sampled such that the trajectory contains configurations appropriate to both the initial and final states. For the creation or deletion of atoms a softcore interaction function may be used. The standard Lennard-Jones (LJ) function used to model van der Waals interactions between atoms is strongly repulsive at short distances and contains a singularity at r = 0. This precludes two atoms from occupying the same position. A so-called softcore potential in contrast approaches a finite value at short distances. This removes the sin-... 

The Vanderbilt process involves the mechanical frothing of air into a plastisol containing proprietary surfactants by means of an Oakes foamer or a Hobart-type batch whip. The resulting stable froth is spread or molded in its final form, then gelled and fused under controlled heat. The fused product is open-ceUed with fine cell size and density as low as 160 kg/m (10 lbs/fT). 

The Cardiac Cycle. The heart (Eig. lb) performs its function as a pump as a result of a rhythmical spread of a wave of excitation (depolarization) that excites the atrial and ventricular muscle masses to contract sequentially. Maximum pump efficiency occurs when the atrial or ventricular muscle masses contract synchronously (see Eig. 1). The wave of excitation begins with the generation of electrical impulses within the SA node and spreads through the atria. The SA node is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart and exhibits automaticity, ie, it depolarizes and repolarizes spontaneously. The wave then excites sequentially the AV node the bundle of His, ie, the penetrating portion of the AV node the bundle branches, ie, the branching portions of the AV node the terminal Purkinje fibers and finally the ventricular myocardium. After the wave of excitation depolarizes these various stmetures of the heart, repolarization occurs so that each of the stmetures is ready for the next wave of excitation. Until repolarization occurs the stmetures are said to be refractory to excitation. During repolarization of the atria and ventricles, the muscles relax, allowing the chambers of the heart to fill with blood that is to be expelled with the next wave of excitation and resultant contraction. This process repeats itself 60—100 times or beats per minute... 

Products. In all of the instances in which crystallization is used to carry out a specific function, product requirements are a central component in determining the ultimate success of the process. These requirements grow out of how the product is to be used and the processing steps between crystallization and recovery of the final product. Key determinants of product quaHty are the size distribution (including mean and spread), the morphology (including habit or shape and form), and purity. Of these, only the last is important with other separation processes. 

D is the final layer thickness and A( the change in surface tension during the passage of the wave. Spread insoluble films give low A(, ie, high penetration depth and maximum dismption. P can be of the order of ten times the droplet size. 

After dewatering the cmmb it is fed to the drying process which is usually carried out in a continuous tunnel dryer. The cmmb is spread on a perforated stainless steel bed through which hot air is passed to evaporate the remaining water. Typically, in the first portion of the dryer, air at 110—140°C is used, with lower temperatures being used as the product approaches dryness. A typical target for final moisture content is 0.5% or less. At the exit of the dryer the product is cooled and conveyed to a baler which shapes it into bales for packaging and shipment. 

In this thesis we suggest a model of the formation of elements, which allows us to make the connection between the spread of elements and their nuclear char ge. We ve got a function of distribution for the state close to the final period of active formation of elements and for the state, corresponding to the period of forming of condensed bodies [2, 3]. 

Final expression for a description of the spread in the objects of the environment ... 

Figure 12.22 Schematic diagram showing the flow of excitation energy in the bacterial photosynthetic apparatus. The energy of a photon absorbed by LH2 spreads rapidly through the periplasmic ring of bacterio-chlorophyll molecules (green). Where two complexes touch in the membrane, the energy can be transmitted to an adjacent LH2 ring. From there it passes by the same mechanism to LHl and is finally transmitted to the special chlorophyll pair in the reaction center. (Adapted from W. Kiihlbrandf, Structure 3 521-525, 1995.)...

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