Spray volume, application exposure

The period of daily exposure to one specific pesticide can be up to six to eight weeks with the applicator working eight to ten hours per day up to six days each week to meet acreage goals established by the company. Spray volume worked with in one day may amount to 1,000 gallons of water plus pesticide which, applied at the rate of 4 gallons per 1,000 sq. ft., would require treatment of approximately 5.7 acres, or 31 residential lawns. 

Leng, M. L. Realistic Evaluation of Human Exposure from Application of 2,4,5-T Sprays. Unpublished report of The Dow Chemical Company submitted to EPA in response to 2,4,5-T RPAR, August 4, 1978 ( 16b, Volume II, Appendix V). 

Type III Exposure - Adequate levels of safety for consumer spray applications depend on a fixed particle size distribution that varies significantly according to the product manufacturing process. - Environmental emission data are available only as average values (not minima and maxima). - Exposure levels primarily depend on the volume of a substance imported or used on the EU market according to relevant product categories, but it is not possible to generate an approximate values for these volumes. 

The UK-POEM database is based on a review of the data available on the exposure of pesticide spray operators (in the UK). The review indicated that several factors determined the dose absorbed by a spray operator. These included the following the volume of external contamination, the extent to which this external contamination penetrated clothing to reach the skin and the rate at which the chemical came into direct contact with the skin surface and was absorbed (JMP, 1986 Martin, 1990). These various independent factors were assumed, with the exception of dermal absorption, to be of a sufficient generic nature to be suitable for extrapolation purposes. Two major work activities were differentiated mix-ing/loading and application. An update of the default values in UK-POEM has been presented (POEM, 1992). 

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