Spray Pyrolysis Modifications

Rather than produce an atomic vapor by evaporation from a solid surface, an aerosol may be generated from an aqueous salt solution by an atomization procedure. The aerosol can then be evaporated so that the salt condenses into a particle. This is known as the spray-pyrolysis technique. The flame decomposition method is a modification of this technique, in which the aerosol is introduced into a high-temperature flame (1200-3000 K). The precursor is vaporized and oxidized to form metal-oxide particles. 

Alkyd enamels occurring as original baked enamels or spraying enamels may be identified by the THM pyrolysis derivatization modification of the Py-GC technique. These alkyd polyesters are converted to methyl derivatives of their polyol,... 

Evaporating solid polymeric particles (accompanied by considerable pyrolysis) and codepositing the volatile products (mostly radicals) with the metal vapor are used less often. This technique is employed for the formation of 10-mn-diameter copper islets in a polyethylene matrix. The explosive evaporation of a metal wire coated with a polymer and pulsed mechanochemical interactions (of the Bridgeman anvil type), etc. are the modifications of this method. Recently, interest has been shown in the ionic spraying of metals onto polymeric surfaces. Studies of the vacuum deposition of Au and Zn on PE and PTFE should be noted. " ... 

Several modifications of the ESI principle were described, such as the desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), the desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), the electrospray-assisted pyrolysis ionization (ESPI), the ambient sonic spray ionization (SPI), " the electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), but also combined MALDI/ESI techniques, such as the matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (MALDESI). ... 

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