Sponge spikes

Evidence that supports an enzymatic basis to these biotransformations includes (1) cell free extracts from other sponges were unable to transform isoxazoline alkaloids (2) when tissue from the sponge Crambe crambe or from the mollusk Tylodina perversa (see Section 4.12.8.4) that feeds on Aplysina spp. was spiked with 58, no biotransformation was detected (3) in contrast to the increased concentrations of 60 and 61, the concentration... 

Apricot kernel no crossreactivity with other nuts, legumes, dried vegetables, seeds 1 ppm almond extract spike detected in almond oil, sponge cake, and vegetable stock cube ... 

Sponge squeezed into a terracotta bowl, the concolina After decantation, the oil was collected in metal containers. This was an extremely laborious process characterized by substantial oil losses. A later improvement of the fruit peel expression process was the scodella method. The apparatus was a metallic hemisphere lined inside with small spikes, with a tube attached at its center. The fruit placed inside the hemisphere was rotated while being squeezed against the spikes thus breaking the oil cells. The oil emulsion, containing some of the wax coating the fruit, flowed into the central tube was collected, and the oil was subsequently separated by centrifugation. 

The Cambrian fossils adopt countless shapes and sizes, but they are mostly three members of the geological Big Six calcium, oxygen, and silicon. After the Great Unconformity, microfossils increasingly developed defensive spikes made from calcium, silicon, and oxygen. Later, after the Cambrian Explosion, life used calcium even more. For example, sponges changed their skeletons from spindly calcium lace to thick calcium layers. 

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