Spirostanol saponin

Paris polyphylla Smith P. quadrifolia L. Zao Xiu (Himalayan pans) (root) Alpha-paristyphnin, diosgenin glycosides, furostanol, spirostanol saponins.50-506 Antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, febrifuge, antitumor. 

Singh, S. B. and R. S. Thakur. 1980. New furostanol and spirostanol saponins from tubers of Paris polyphylla. Planta Med. 40 301-303. 

Yokosuka A, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y (2002) Spirostanol Saponins from the Rhizomes of Tacca chantrieri and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Phytochemistry 61 73... 

Gonzalez M, Zamilpa A, Marquina S, Navarro V, Alvarez L (2004) Antimycotic Spirostanol Saponins from Solanum hispidum Leaves and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. J Nat Prod 67 938... 

Carotenuto A, Fattorusso E, Lanzotti V, Magno S (1999) Spirostanol Saponins from Allium porrum L. Phytochemistry 51 1077... 

Osorio JN, Martinez OMM, Navarro YMC, Watanabe K, Sakagami H, Mimaki Y (2005) Polyhydroxylated Spirostanol Saponins from the Tubers of Dioscorea poly-gonoides. J Nat Prod 68 1116... 

Steroidal glycosides from Hosta plantaginea var. japonica were less active on HL-60 cells [14]. The spirostanol saponins (19-21) showed dose-dependent cytostatic activities (IC50 from 1 to 3 ig/ml), while the furostanol saponin and C22-steroid were inactive (ICso> 10 ig/ml). 

Keywords Extracts of Ruscus aculeatus, Venoconstrictor effect, Ruscogenin, Spirostanol saponins, Furostanol saponins... 

In 1998, six novel spirostanol saponins and five novel furostanol saponins were confirmed from the fresh imderground parts of Ruscus aculeatus L. by spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) and acid hydrolysis. 

First, six novel spirostanol saponins are follows ruscogenin l-0- 0-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l-> 2)-P-D-galactopyranosidei (15), ruscogenin -0- 0-a.-L-rhanmopyranosyl-(l-> 2)-6-0-acetyl-P-D-galactopyranoside (16),... 

Among their antitumor activity for leukemia HL-60 cells by a MTT assay on each 11 sample concentration of 10 pig/mL of six novel spirostanol saponins (15-20) and five novel furostanol saponins (21-25), percentage of cell growth inhibition (%) of ruscogenin 1-0- 0-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l—>2)-3,4,6-tri-0-acetyl- 3-D-galactopyranoside 1 (18) was the highest 98.2%, followed by 82.5% for 26-0- 3-D-glucopyranosyl-22-0-methyl-(25R)-furost-5-ene-113,3 3,22(, 26-tetrol 1 -0-i 0-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1 —>2)-3,4,6-tri-O-... 

The scientific name of Chinese chives is Allium tuberosum Rottl. (Liliaceae). It is known as Jiucai in China and Nira in Japan. It is a perennial plant and both the leaves and the inflorescences are edible. It has also been used as an herbal medicine for many diseases. According to the dictionary of Chinese medicines, the leaves have been used for the treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, snakebite and asthma while the seeds are used as a tonic and aphrodisiac. In the present study, 39 compounds were isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Allium tuberosum. Among them, 23 are new compounds and include spirostanol saponins, furostanol saponins, cholesterol saponins and alkaloids. Their structures were identified by a combination of ESIMS, ID, and 2D-NMR (COSY, TOCSY, ROSEY, HMQC, and HMBC). The antitumor activities of some of these compounds will be discussed. 

In this research, we systematically studied the chemical components of the seeds of Allium tuberosum, A total of 39 compounds were isolated. Twenty-three of them are new compounds (marked in ). The structures of the isolated compounds were eludidated by spectral methods which include APCI-MS, H-NMR, C-NMR, H- H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC. In addition, 12 of them have been tested for the inhibition of the HL-60 cell line. One new spirostanol saponin (1) showed veiy strong inhibition with an IC50 values of 6.8 xg/mL. Further investigations on the prevention of disease and improvement of human health by the seeds of Allium tuberosum and/or its bioactive components are required. 

H. Harmatha, Chemo-ecological role of spirostanol saponins in the interaction between plant and insects, in W. Olezsek, A. Marston (Eds.), Saponins in Food Feedstnffs and Medicinal Plants, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dradrecht, The Netherlands, 2(XX), pp. 129-141. 

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