Spinel-cobalt oxide anodes

Good results are obtained with oxide-coated valve metals as anode materials. These electrically conducting ceramic coatings of p-conducting spinel-ferrite (e.g., cobalt, nickel and lithium ferrites) have very low consumption rates. Lithium ferrite has proved particularly effective because it possesses excellent adhesion on titanium and niobium [26]. In addition, doping the perovskite structure with monovalent lithium ions provides good electrical conductivity for anodic reactions. Anodes produced in this way are distributed under the trade name Lida [27]. The consumption rate in seawater is given as 10 g A ar and in fresh water is... 

This change in b can be either due to a change in the surface oxide-layer composition or due to a change in the active site characteristics caused by the surface interactions. Otherwise, the change in b reported for crystalline Ni-Co alloys in alkaline solutions has also been explained by the different nature of the surface oxides [27]. It is also important to say that the nickel and cobalt-spinel voltammetric behavior is attained after potential cycling at a low scan rate, where b = 0.04 V decade-1. However, a pre-anodization at 1.8 V vs. RHE led to a Co304 spinel electrode for which b = 0.06 V decade-1. 

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