Spinal imaging

For spinal images the centre should he within the centre of the area under investigation such for the whole spine, midway between the chin and the symphysis pubis, and for the cervical spine midway between the external auditory canal and the head of the humerus. 

Simple and Complex Organic Molecules. Using modem direct fluorination technology, the synthesis of even the most complex perfluorocarbon stmctures from hydrocarbon precursors is now possible. For example, syntheses of the first perfluoro crown ethers, perfluoro 18-crown-6, perfluoro 15-crown-5, and perfluoro 12-crown-4 (54) have been reported. Perfluoro crown ethers (54,55) are becoming important as the molecules of choice for many F-nmr imaging appHcations (56) in humans and are particularly effective in brain and spinal diagnostics when... 

MRI has become the preferred modality for medical and diagnostic imaging due to the superior resolution and contrast in the images. MRI has several advantages over X-ray CT, in that MRI does not result in any accumulated ionizing radiation dose to the subject, and it can detect spinal lesions, such as multiple sclerosis, that would otherwise go undetected in X-ray CT (see Appendix Brief history of medical imaging, and refs [1-9]). However, MRI does pose a minimal risk to the subject in several ways. 

Glucocorticoid-induced spinal epidural lipomatosis is not very common in children. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 children with renal diseases (68 boys) they either had back pain or numbness, were obese, or had taken a cumulative dose of prednisone of more than 500 mg/kg there was lipomatosis in five patients (53). 

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