Specific Heat of Water and Ice

The specific heat of liquid water, varies with temperature and can be described by the semiempirical relationships 

The above heat capacity refers to pure water. Most ions lower the heat capacity of water, but this change is negligible for solute concentrations smaller than 0.1 M. Therefore, for cloud applications, we will assume that the heat capacity of water is independent of the droplet concentration and depends only on temperature. 

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Van t Hoff here referred to a lecture in which the twenty-six-year-old Lespieau had introduced the new physical chemistry of van t Hoff, Ostwald, and Arrhenius to colleagues in Friedel s Sorbonne laboratory. Among other things, Lespieau dealt in his paper with a problem posed by van t Hoff having to do with the validity of neglecting the difference in specific heats of water and ice, and Lespieau demonstrated that the term where this difference figures can be finally eliminated. 13 Who was Robert Lespieau ... 

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