Speciation trace metal analysis

I.S. Krull (Ed.), Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation, Elsevier Science, New York, 1991. ISBN 044488209X. 

Gardiner, P. E., Delves, H. T. The speciation of trace metals and metalloids in biological specimens, in Trace Metal Analysis in Biological Specimens (ed.) Stoeppler, M., Foster City, California, Biomedical Publications, in preparation... 

Buffle, J. and M.-L. Tercier-Waeber. 2005. Voltammetric environmental trace-metal analysis and speciation From laboratory to in situ measurements. Trends Anal. Chem. 24 172-191. 

Caruso, J.A. and M. Montes-Bayon. 2003. Elemental speciation studies—new directions for trace metal analysis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 56 148-163. 

Irgolic, K. J. (1991). in Trace metal Analysis and Speciation. Journal of Chromatography Library Series, Vol 47 Krull, I. S. (ed.) Amsterdam Elsevier. 

Heitkamper, D.T., Caruso, J.A. Chromatographic sample introduction for plasma mass spectrometry. In Krull, I.S. (ed.) Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation, pp. 49-70. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991)... 

B. D. Karcher and I. S. Krull, The use of complexing eluents for the high performance liquid chromatographic determination of metal species, in Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation (I. S. Krull, ed.). Journal of Chromatography Library Series Vol. 47, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 123-166. 

Caruso, J. A., Montes-Bayon, M. Elemental speciation studies - new directions for trace metal analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ SafTWTi, 56, 148-163. 

A number of very useful and practical element selective detectors are covered, as these have already been interfaced with both HPLC and/or FIA for trace metal analysis and spe-ciation. Some approaches to metal speciation discussed here include HPLC-inductively coupled plasma emission, HPLC-direct current plasma emission, and HPLC-microwave induced plasma emission spectroscopy. Most of the remaining detection devices and approaches covered utilize light as part of the overall detection process. Usually, a distinct derivative of the starting analyte is generated, and that new derivative is then detected in a variety of ways. These include HPLC-photoionization detection, HPLC-photoelectro-chemical detection, HPLC-photoconductivity detection, and HPLC-photolysis-electrochemical detection. Mechanisms, instrumentation, details of interfacing with HPLC, detector operations, as well as specific applications for each HPLC-detector case are presented and discussed. Finally, some suggestions are provided for possible future developments and advances in detection methods and instrumentation for both HPLC and FIA. 

The aim of this chapter is to give the reader a flavor of the application potential of ICP-MS, and a better understanding of why it is the fastest-growing trace element technique available today. If there is one conunon theme that runs through many of these applications, it is the unparalleled detection limits the technique has to offer, for both the total and speciated form of the element. When this is combined with its rapid multielement characteristics, isotopic measurement capability, freedom from interferences, and ease of use, it is clear that it is only a matter of time before ICP-MS becomes the dominant technique for trace metal analysis. 

I.S. KruU (Ed.)i Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation Journal of Chromatography Library Series, Vol. 47 1991 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V, Amsterdam... 

Interfacing of GC/HPLC with Direct Current Plasma (DCP) Emission Spectroscopic Detection for Trace Metal Analysis and Speciation... 

There is still, therefore, room for improvement in MDLs for those elemental species not capable of forming hydrides on-line, post-column (HPLC) or pre-column (GC). If ICP/MS continues to develop as it has for chromatographic interfacing, then it will clearly lend itself to solving all or most of the lingering problems in trace metal analysis and speciation with practical samples. It could, in the long run, become the only really useful and practical analytical technique for performing trace metal speciation at veiy low levels, sub-ppb. It is not clear that GC/HPLC-... 

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