Speciation of trace metals

Sibley TH, Morgan JJ (1975) Equilibrium speciation of trace metals in freshwater-seawater mixtures. In Hutchinson HC (ed) Proceedings of international conference on heavy metals in the environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario pp 310-338... 

Koopmans GF, Groenenberg JE. Effects of soil oven-drying on concentrations and speciation of trace metals and dissolved organic matter in soil solution extracts of sandy soils. Geoderma 2011 161 147-158. 

Speciation indnces transformation of contaminants, affecting mainly their retention and redistribntion in the subsurface. As an illnstration, we consider three stndies that deal with speciation of trace metals and organic contaminants in the subsurface. 

Gardiner, P. E., Delves, H. T. The speciation of trace metals and metalloids in biological specimens, in Trace Metal Analysis in Biological Specimens (ed.) Stoeppler, M., Foster City, California, Biomedical Publications, in preparation... 

Mantoura, R.F.C., Dickson, A. and Riley, 3.P., 1978a. The speciation of trace metals with humic compounds in natural waters. Thalassia 3ugosl., 14 127-145. 

Sibley, T.H. and Morgan, 3.3., 1975. Equilibrium speciation of trace metals in freshwater -seawater mixtures. In T. Hutchinson (ed.), Proc. Int. Conf. Heavy Metals in the Environment. Univ. of Toronto, Ontario, p. 319. 

Laxen, D.P.H. and Harrison, R.M. (1981) A scheme for the physico-chemical speciation of trace metals in freshwater samples. Sci. Total Environ., 19, 59-82. 

Parthasarathy, N., J. Buffle, N. Gassama, and F. Cuenod. 1999. Speciation of trace metals in waters Direct selective separation and preconcentration of free metal ion by supported liquid membrane. Chem. Anal. 44 455 170. 

In general, speciation of trace metal species involves the following steps ... 

The distribution and speciation of trace metals in estuaries will depend on their concentrations as well as the concentrations of dissolved complexing ligands and the associated coordination sites on colloids and particulates. 

Tipping, E., Lofts, S., and Lawlor, A.J. (1998) Modeling the chemical speciation of trace metals in the surface waters of the Humber system. Sci. Total Environ. 210/211, 63-77. 

Bermond, A., Yousfi, I., and Ghestem, J. P. (1998). Kinetic approach to the chemical speciation of trace metals in soils. Analyst 123, 785—789. 

An overview on advances in instrumental methods for the measurement and speciation of trace metals is given by Savory [112]. He comments about the analytical techniques that help understanding the role of trace metals in biology and medicine. 

Kersten M. and Forstner U. (1995) Speciation of trace metals in sediments and combustion waste. In Chemica Speciation in the Environment (eds. A. M. Ure and C. M. Davidson). Blackie Academic and Professional, London, pp. 234-275. 

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