Speciation in the Vanadate System

Glucose-6-phospbate, a possible substrate in vanadate-activated oxidation of glncose by NADP, catalysed by glucose-6-vanadate dehydrogenase. 

Hydroxycarboxylates and several of their complexes formed with vanadate in aqueous solution. Abbreviations lac = L-lactate hba = L-a-hydroxyisobutyric acid. The structures for the binary dinuclear complexes are based on X-ray structure determinations of mono-crystals isolated from the solutions.Note that the solid-state structure does not necessarily reflect the solution structure. 

Citrato complexes. Abbreviations cit = citrate lac = lactate. For structurally characterised complexes, see ref. 24. The charges of the complexes vary with pH. 

Distribution of vanadates and V(ala-ser) complexes as a function of pH.P l c(V) = 4mM, c(alanyl-serine) = 16mM, /Na(a) = 0.15m. Reproduced from A. Gorzsas et al, Dalton Trans. 2004, 2873-2882, by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry. 

Thiofunctional ligands which redox-interact with vanadate(V) (glutathione, GSH), or form (comparatively) short-lived complexes with vanadate prior to redox (dithiothreitol). See refs 27 and 28. 

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