Spearman correlation performing

The statistical procedures used in this thesis are summarized in this subsection together with hints for further literature. PASW Statistics 18 and Microsoft Office Excel were used for computations. T-tests and Mann-Whitney tests were performed to assess internal relationships between binary and continuous explanatory variables, particularly vehicle impact speed. Pearson and Spearman correlations were used to assess possible correlations among continuous variables. 

Grooming is highly correlated with aggressive behavior (r =0.74, p<0.01, Spearman rank correlation coefficient test the degree of aggressive behavior was determined by the amount of attacks and bites performed by the pair). 

In this subsection, we apply another type of safety performance data, i.e., self-reported staff attitudes to error reporting and interaction with the patient, to the test of criterion validity of the safety culture factors. For this purpose, we used the nurse sample of the Japanese data including more than 17,000 questionnaire responses collected from 82 hospitals (Itoh and Andersen, 2010). An example of resrrlts of correlation analysis is shown in Table 4.10 in terms of Spearman s rho, using the mild outcome case in the three vignettes offered - results for the near-miss and severe cases were quite similar to this case. 

Statistical evaluation. The maximum tolerated concentrations (MTC) obtained by the in vivo test procedure served as a basis to rank the test substances. The following statistical tests were performed Calculation of the rank correlation coefficient according to Spearman (rs) for distribution-free dependence, calculation of the linear regression and the linear correlation coefficient (r ). In all tests the level of significance was a = 5%. 

Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and SPSS version 16. For each trial mean and standard deviation for variables were estimated. Spearman non-parametric coefficient was used to determine the correlation between variables and gait speeds. Significant level was set for P< 0.05. 

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