Speaker object

In order to s)mthesise a sound using the Praat physical model one needs to indicate (a) the speaker and (b) a list of actions. In Praat parlance, the speaker is referred to as the Speaker object and the list of actions is referred to as the Artwork object. In practice, a script contains instructions for an Artwork object and a call for a Speaker object that should be defined beforehand in a separate file. For the sake of simplicity, the following examples will employ PraaPs default adult female speaker model and we will refrain from changing its physical characteristics. 

Let us create a script to produce a simple phonation an open vowel. The script editor is opened by selecting New script on the Control menu. First of all, we have to specify the Speaker object and initialise an Artword object ... 

The next and final step is to activate the synthesis engine to produce the soundfile. This is done by selecting an Artword object plus a Speaker object, and by activating the synthesiser with the command To Sound. 

The black rectangle, in Figure 10, surrounds the first object for the operator to assess. It is a sheet explosive stuffed randomly into a small, wooden, loudspeaker enclosure. Figure 10 shows a clear representation of the speaker s metaUic frame. 

The objective of this symposium was to include research on a broad range of natural products directed to a wide variety of bonding applications. The speakers described research on adhesive polymers derived from lignins, tannins, carbohydrates, terpenes, and proteins for applications as diverse as tire-cord bonding and eye surgery. 

Objective unaffected by the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of the speaker or writer (third-person point of view)... 

Some additional description of the objectives and implementation of the present Hanford Waste Management plan is presented in the first part of this review paper. The discussion is deliberately restricted, however, since this technology has been adequately reviewed in detail by various speakers and authors (1-5). Recent papers by Lenneman (2), Smith (4), and Larson (5) are particularly informative. A bibliography of publicly available literature concerning radioactive waste management at Hanford has also just lately been published (6). 

The objective of the conference was to identify the critical issues facing the pharmacy profession in the next 15 to 20 years. Keynote speakers described trends relating to public policy, technology, healthcare economics, and healthcare delivery. C. Douglas Hepler, Ph.D. presented an address coauthored by Linda M. Strand, Pharm.D., Ph.D. on pharmacy s opportunities and responsibilities in healthcare. This presentation was a milestone for pharmacy and defined pharmaceutical care as the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient s quality of life. ... 

Having determined the general goal, a speaker should develop an objective that focuses on specific audience results. A speech that does not define success in terms of a specific statement of objective is like an experiment that tests no particular hypothesis. A good statement of objective identifies what listeners should be able to do, what they should think, or what they should actually do after the message. The following statements illustrate such objectives ... 

The answer to all these questions is yes to a certain extent. Based upon the presentations of the previous speakers, searching and discovering are part of their activities. The result is the development of new ideas and theories. In the author s experience, the biochemical investigations in the industrial sector of the pesticide industry are somewhat restricted in their approach to problems. For example, the fate of a chemical in a test animal could be determined above and below the pharmocokinetic threshold, but how many studies have included this aspect in the past Any pesticide chemist that conducts biochemical studies for registration purposes is restricted to a degree in the approach to completing the objective. Other pesticide chemists are not as restricted. 

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