Spain mission

In June 1973, the Center held a roundtable discussion with Spain s key archivists, librarians, and scientists to establish a program to fulfill its additional national mission. It was agreed that restoration workshops would be installed in the principal archives and libraries of the nation, and that assistance would be given to others that already had workshops (II). 

It is the mission of ISMP—Spain to enhance the safety of the medication-use system and to improve the quality of patient healthcare. The most important goal is to reduce the risk of medication errors and preventable adverse drug events. 

By the middle of the nineteenth century, the French silkworm industry was virtually in ruins. Silkworm disease spread to Italy, Spain, and Austria, and eventually to China and Japan. In 1865, Jean Baptiste Andr Dumas (1800—1884)—one of the world s preeminent chemists—requested and received authorization from the Minister of Agriculture to appoint a mission to studypibrine Dumas, who had been Pasteur s teacher and scientific mentor, asked his pupil to investigate the problem. Until that day, Pasteur had never seen a silkworm or a mulberry tree, the leaves of which served as food for the worms. As legend has it, Pasteur—who knew nothing about the subject and evidently wanted to demur—inquired Is there then a disease of silkworms To which, Dumas replied So much the better For ideas you will have only those which shall come to you as a result of your own observations ... 

Cinchona bark was first become popular in England and has been officially introduced to the British Pharmacopoeia in 1677. Initially, its wider use was restricted in Europe, despite the widespread occurrence of malaria. Several years later, "Jesuit spowder" was popular also in Spain, again due to the Jesuits missions in South America. On the other hand, Jesuits activity as well as the successful therapies of aristocracy over Europe brought Cinchona bark popularity to the European countries. 

The Consorcio de Compensacion de Seguros, another early example of a pool, was created in 1941 after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to compensate losses derived from rioting during the war years. In 1945, the Consorcio expanded its mission and turned into a more general compensation pool that includes damages from catastrophic perils. It paid, for instance, a total of 489 million to compensate losses from the Lorca Mw 5.1 2011 earthquake in southern Spain (CCS 2014). The Spanish pool is a public entity that operates independently from the insurance industry but that receives the appropriate contribution from policies underwritten in the market. While it does not seek reinsurance in the international market (thus providing no international risk transfer), other pools actively look for this financial support. 

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