Space hquid hourly

The MTDP process, which is similar to the Tatoray process, produces an equilibrium composition of xylene isomers. A -xylene yield of 24% in the xylene product is formed at 42—48 wt % toluene conversion over the heterogeneous catalyst at 390—495°C, 4.2 MPa (600 psig), 1 2 Hquid hourly space velocity, and 4 H2/hydrocarbon molar feed ratio. A new ZSM-5 catalyst, which has higher activity and stability than the current catalyst, has been reported (93). 

C and 6.9 MPa (70.3 kg/cm ) in 100% selectivity (113). The neoalcohol was also produced in selectivities of 99% by employing zirconium hydroxide catalysts (114,115). The rates of the latter process, however, are reportedly low at Hquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of <1 kg/catalyst-h. A catalyst from... 

The quantity of catalyst used for a given plant capacity is related to the Hquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), ie, the volume of Hquid hydrocarbon feed per hour per volume of catalyst. To determine the optimal LHSV for a given design, several factors are considered ethylene conversion, styrene selectivity, temperature, pressure, pressure drop, SHR, and catalyst life and cost. In most cases, the LHSV is ia the range of 0.4—0.5 h/L. It corresponds to a large quantity of catalyst, approximately 120 m or 120—160 t depending on the density of the catalyst, for a plant of 300,000 t/yr capacity. 

The key process variables for C8A isomerization are the temperature, pressure, weight- or Hquid-hourly space velocity (WHSV or LHSV) and hydrogen partial... 

LHSV (hquid hourly space velocity) = (volume of hquid feed at 60°F/h)/(ft of reactor) = SCFH liquid feed/fF. 

The use of sihca gel-supported IL-phase catalyst in fixed-bed reactor might solve the leaciing problem partially [86]. Here, the model catalyst system is Rh(acac)(CO)2-ligand 1 or 2/[BMIm][PF5]/silica gel (Rh-1 and Rh-2), Scieme 2.20, and the model reaction is hydroformylation of l-octene. With a Hquid hourly space velocity of 16h i, the TOF of aldehyde formation was maintained at about 40 mol Rh h and the ratio of hnear and branch aldehyde was >2. Noteworthy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis of outlet samples taken at steady-state conversion demonstrated rhochum metal leaching to be neghgible (<0.7%, detection limit). 

LHSV (liquid hourly space velocity) = (Volume of liquid feed at 60°F/hr)/volume of reactor or catalyst) = (SCFH hquid feed)/cuft. 

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