Sow-thistles

The most promising allelopathic weeds are hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.). They are effective in reducing other asteraceous weeds (Murphy and Aarssen 1995b) and yellow hawkweed (H. pratense Tausch.) inhibited Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.), perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), and annual sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) however, the long-term effect on perennial species is unclear (Murphy 2001). 

Susceptible plants Chrysanthemum, cineraria, calendula, lettuce, groundsel, sow-thistle, and other members of the Asteraceae family, indoors and outside. 

Small, yellow-white, wingless, waxy pests with dark spots on the abdomen, found among lettuce roots during summer. Overwinters mainly on Lombardy poplar, moving in June to lettuce and sow-thistle. Root colonies can persist into winter, and may survive in the soil until the next season. See a/so Aphids. 

Sonchus arvensis L. S. oleraceus L. Ju Shi Cai (Sow thistle) (whole plant) Inositol, lactucerol, mannitol, taraxasterol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, tartaric acid, lactucerols.50 Used as an insecticide, asthma, bronchitis, cough, ophthalmia, insomnia, pertussis, swellings and tumors. 

Sow thistle (Cirsium oleraceum Scop.) honey is white, with a pleasant aroma and flavor. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) honey is golden yellow but turns light amber, sometimes with a greenish tint when it crystallizes. It has a faint aroma and a pleasant, though pungent flavor. 

Grass-leaved goldenrod Edison s goldenrod Ohio goldenrod Stiff goldenrod Sow thistle Tall ironweed Ironweed... 

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