Sources, Structures, and Properties

The most abundant chlorohydrocarbons formed in the bleaching of pulp with chlorine chemicals are chlorocymenes (CYMS) and chlorocymenenes (CYMD). 

Mass spectra of CYMS and CYMD isomers were too similar to allow distinction between their structures. In contrast, structure verification was readily obtained from NMR data. IR spectra as fingerprints for identification of the individual congeners were decisively different from each other [11]. Gas chromatographic separation of congeners was feasible with non-polar capillary columns [11,17-20]. 

Compound Abbr. RRTa CAS Nr LRMS peaks m/z (Intensity %) [10]  

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Gellerstedt, G., and Henriksson, G. (2008) Lignins major sources, structure and properties, in Monomers, Polymers and Composites from Renewable Resources (eds M.N. Belgacem and A. Gandini), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Ch 9. 

Three chapters are entirely devoted to lignin, covering (i) sources, structure and properties (Chapter 9), (ii) industrial processes and applications (Chapter 10) and (iii) their physical or chemical incorporation into novel macromolecular materials (Chapter 11). Moreover, its oxypropylation and the interest of the ensuing polyols are discussed in Chapter 12 and the properties of lignosulphonates as polyelectrolytes are dealt with in Chapter 24. 

Lignins Major Sources, Structure and Properties, G. Gellerstedt G. Henriksson... 

In this chapter, recent developments in the field of PHA carhon sources, their properties and relations between sources, structure and properties are discussed. 

GeUerstedt G, Henriksson G. Lignins major sources, structure and properties. In Mohamed Naceur B, Alessandro G, editors. Monomers, Polymers and Composites From Renewable Resources. Volume 9, Amsterdam Elsevier 2008. p 201-224. 

Manganese dioxide has found wide use in different electrochemical power sources as cathode material. It is known that the structure and properties of manganese dioxide depend on the method of its synthesis. 

Syntheses, structures and properties of heterocyclic group 13/15 compounds of the type [R2M LR 2]V have been the subject of intense studies for many years. In particular, aminoalanes and -gallanes [IGIVINR/ (M = Al, Ga) have received considerable attention. The interest in these particular compounds has increased within the last two decades due to their potential application as single source precursors for the deposition of AIN and GaN... 

Senesi and Testini [147,156] and Senesi et al. [150,153] showed by ESR the interaction of HA from different sources with a number of substituted urea herbicides by electron donor-acceptor processes involves organic free radicals which lead to the formation of charge-transfer complexes. The chemical structures and properties of the substituted urea herbicides influence the extent of formation of electron donor-acceptor systems with HA. Substituted ureas are, in fact, expected to act as electron donors from the nitrogen (or oxygen) atoms to electron acceptor sites on quinone or similar units in HA molecules. 

Work on the chemical structure and properties of the poisons from Alaska butter clam siphons, the hepatopancreas of California mussels, and axenic cultures of G. catenella carried on in the Biological Laboratories and with Rapoport at the University of California definitely established that the sea mussel did not alter the poison obtained from G. catenella. The poison from all three sources had identical structures (31). The situation with the Alaska butter clam may be different however in light of the different saxitoxin derivatives recently found in the dinoflagellates in that region. Perhaps the clam converts the sulfo and sulfate derivatives to the more toxic saxitoxin. 

The methine proton in the keto form and the hydroxyl proton in the enol form of jS-diketones are acidic and their removal generates 1,3-diketonate anions (2), which are the source of an extremely broad class of coordination compounds referred to generically as diketonates or acetylacetonates. The synthesis, structure and properties of these compounds form the focus of this chapter. Di-ketonate anions are powerful chelating species and form complexes with virtually every transition and main group element. The scope of this chemistry is very large and it has been assessed earlier in several excellent reviews.9-14... 

Atomic spectroscopy continues to be one of the most important subjects of contemporary physics. Spectra are fundamental characteristics of atoms and ions, and are the main source of information on their structure and properties. Modem atomic spectroscopy studies the structure and properties of practically every atom of the Periodical Table as well as of ions of any ionization degree. The book contains a large number of new results, which have been mainly published in Russian and are therefore almost unknown to western scientists. 

Source F.S. Galasso, Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids, Pergamon, Oxford, 1970, p. 150.)... 

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