Soot reactions

Under CJ conditions, where pressures are extremely high, the so-called soot reactions CO + H2 = Cs + H2O 2CO = Cs + C02... 

This equilibrium is also independent of pressure In oxygen-poor expls the so-called soot reactions become important. These are ... 

In short, although there are relatively few laboratory studies of the HN03-soot reaction, it appears that reduction of HN03 at the low concentrations found in the atmosphere is not likely to be an important process. 

It is quite possible in the case of TNT that the true detonation reaction is followed, during the cooling of the products, by endothermic reactions among them, which increase the volume of gas found in the calorimetric bomb at the end of the determination. These could be the "soot reactions ... 

It is claimed that both chem analyses and thermochemical measurements point to the view that the presence of w strongly favors the soot reactions 2CO = C02 + C and CO + H2 = H20 + C because of increase in pressure in the system under study. Both these reactions are highly exothermic... 

Mader (Ref 40), on the other hand, did take the soot reactions into account and he obtains the following CJ products (minor products ignored) ... 

The most significant soot reaction identified to date is the conversion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) to nitrous acid (HONO) and smaller amounts of nitric oxide (NO) (Ammann et al. 1998 Gerecke et al. 1998 Kalberer et al. 1999 Longfellow et al. 1999 Al-Abadleh and Grassian 2000 Alcala-Jomod et al. 2000 Stadler and Rossi 2000 Saathoff et al. 2001), as follows ... 

It is claimed that both chem analyses and thermochemical measurements point to the view that the presence of w strongly favors the soot reactions... 

Decomposition of hydrocarbons (soot reactions) Hydrocarbon decomposition is described by... 

Given the problem above, (a) List three potential coking (carbon deposition, or sooting) reactions, and (b) Considering LeChatelier s Principle, indicate whether excess steam will tend to promote or inhibit the coking reactions. 

In short the mechanism of the reactions can be summarized as follows CeOg catalyses the oxidation of NO to NOg, as a result NO2 is available for the NOg-soot reaction. In addition, at low temperatures CeOg is able to adsorb NOg in the form of nitrates. These are then decomposed to NOg, which again contributes to accelerate the soot-NO., reactions ... 

Cobalt in the form of the oxide C03O4 or as a solid solution was reported to decrease the reduction temperatures of ceria by several hundreds of degrees and this affects nitrate storage capacity, which in turn will result in a higher activity for the NOg-soot reaction. 

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