Large scale sonochemistry

In this review, the potential uses of sonochemistry for the preparation of monometallic and bimetallic metal nanoparticles and metal-loaded semiconductor nanoparticles have been highlighted. While specific examples available in the literature were discussed, the sonochemical technique seems to offer a platform technique that could be used for synthesizing a variety of functional materials. Most of the studies to date deal with laboratory scale exploration , it would be ideal if the concepts are tested under large scale experimental conditions involving specific applications. The authors sincerely hope that the information provided in this review would prompt such experimental investigation in a new dimension. 

J.P. Russell and M. Smith, Sonic energy in processing use of a large scale, low frequency sonic reactor, Advances in Sonochemistry, T.J. Mason (ed.), JAI Press, 1999, 5, 175-208, ISBN 0-7623-0331-X. 

Small-scale experiments are occasionally adapted to large-scale work this requires an accurate knowledge of the type of sonochemistry involved in the process. 

One obvious area for the use of sonochemistry is the amelioration of conditions required for the synthesis of temperature-sensitive products. The first large-scale example reported provides a perfect example to illustrate the scaling-up potential of the technique. The procedure relates to the synthesis of naphthoquinone derivatives as pharmaceutical intermediates (Fig. V7)P- Here sonication generates higher yields and uses milder working conditions (lower temperature, shorter procedure, higher purity and selectivity). 

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