Some Terminological Remarks

The terminology and notation employed in the present article follows as much as it is possible that of the book Introduction to the Theory of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons [3]. There, a precise definition of a benzenoid hydrocarbon/benzen- 

The exclusion of nonplanar helicenic and hollow coronoid species from the class of benzenoids was maybe not fully justified from a chemist s point of view, but there were good and convincing mathematical reasons for this anyway we use the term benzenoid in the same sense as in the book [3]. On the other hand, we find that it serves no purpose to strictly distinguish between benzenoid hydrocarbons (chemical objects) and benzenoid systems (mathematical objects), since this distinction is always obvious from the context. We note in passing that what we call benzenoid system is the same as hexagonal system or hexagonal animal in the mathematical literature. 

Throughout many years the words topology and topological property were used by numerous theoretical chemists (also including the present author) with a meaning completely different to those in mathematics. This caused a considerable amount of confusion. In most cases the chemists topology is synonymous to structure when under structure we understand the connectedness of the atoms in the molecule, represented by classical structural formulas. A clear and satisfactory analysis of chemical and mathematical topologies as well as their mutual relations can be found in a recent treatise by Merrifield and Simmons [4]. 

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To some extent, these ideas about consciousness are present in modern cognitive science, although with different forms and terminology, and the interested reader can refer to more specialized literature, for example the work by Damasio (1999) or by le Doux (2002). There are now many books on the subject of consciousness and many novel academic institutions devoted to the study of consciousness, with much emphasis on the relation between brain and mind. This is certainly remarkable in an area dominated by the molecular paradigm. Very little has yet been done to connect this with a bio-logical theory of life as a property from within, but I believe that the trend will move in this direction. In this sense, Francisco Varela has again been somewhat of a pioneer. 

Inasmuch as laymen may not understand scientific terminology, the scientist may find it necessary to use common words of lesser precision to increase public comprehension. In view of the importance of scientists communicating with the general public, some loss of accuracy in that sense can be condoned. The scientist should, however, strive to keep public writing, remarks, and interviews as accurate as possible consistent with effective communication. 

Ion-assisted gas-surface chemistry mechanism is probably the best terminology to describe the plasma processing of a surface. A remarkable illustration of the effect of ion bombardment is reported in Fig. 16 [66]. The reaction rate of XeF2 with Si increases drastically upon the simultaneous combination of chemical species (XeF ) and ions (Ar+) on the surface. Obviously chemical reaction and some sputtering processes are expected to occur and to be responsible of the ablation of the material, but the combined effect of active neutral species and ion bombardment is more efficient than the sum of the individual processes. 

Some remarks about the terminological inconsistencies of the quoted passages should be made. Seai fiom the Vernadskian point of view the definition would be incorrect. The atmosphere of our planet belongs to the biosphere. Vernadsky always maintained... 

A brief remark on terminology is in order at this point. In this book the term interfadal tension is used as an all-inclusive term applicable to liquid-gas, liquid-liquid, and solid-fluid interfaces. This usage differs from that of some authors who restrict interfacial tension to situations where neither phase is a gas or vapor. On the other hand, the term surface tension is used here only when one phase is a gas or vapor, in agreement with the usage of most authors. 

Berzelius then supposed that anhydrous muriatic acid is a compound of a radical and oxygen in our terminology its equivalent was 35 46 (chlorine) - 8-oo (oxygen) = 27 46. The oxygen was transferred to the metal in the muriate, e.g. to 23 of sodium, malang 31 of soda, which with the muriatic acid gave 31 +27 46 =58 46 of muriate of soda (sodium chloride, NaCl = 58 46). The paper ends with some remarks on the compositions of organic compounds. 

Nuclear aspects (as well as some other important points of reference) will be phrased in the form of remarks numbered thus ( 1), ( 2), etc. Such remarks also serve occasionally as an interface between the (mathematical) terminology used in this chapter and the terminologies used by other authors from different fields of nuclear science. The numbering of the remarks may also help to follow a train of thought that is unfolded over several sections or subsections. 

Let me respond with this dialectical remark instead of a straightforward answer. In Sect. 2.4 I mentioned several possibilities to conceive of properties. The account proposed here is compatible with all of these interpretations. So, I rely on an intuitive notion of a property, a notion that is partly characterized as follows Properties do not belong to the representational furniture of our world, and they form the class of things some of which are such that in virtue of them, space-time objects behave the way they do. We might go a step further and claim, with Bealer (1993, 20), that we should take properties at/ace value, that is the category of properties should be treated as a eategory which is not to be rephrased in, say, set-theoretical terminology. From a dialectical point of view, we could adopt this assumption Within the account proposed here, the notion of a property is interpreted as basic. But what about explanatory concepts ... 

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