Solvents toxicity data

Most fluorinated surfactants have been tested as commercial products containing a solvent. Toxicity data for pure, well-characterized fluorinated surfactants are scarce. The acute oral toxicities of solvent-free fluorinated surfactants are listed with those of hydrocarbon surfactants in Table 10.3. The acute oral toxicity of the nonionic fluorinated surfactants listed is low and comparable to that of their hydrocarbon analogs. However, the data suggest that anionic surfactants when ingested more toxic than their hydrocarbon counterparts. The tox-... 

Mottu F, Laurent A, Rufenacht DA, Doelker E. Organic solvents for pharmaceutical par-enterals and embolic liquids a review of toxicity data. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2000(Nov) 54(6) 456 169. 

Physical and chemical properties that are important in characterizing solvents as reaction media are listed in Table 1.2, and are briefly discussed in Sections 1.1.1 and 1.1.2. This solvent property data has been compiled in Refs [2-4] for a number of solvents. In addition to these properties, structural aspects of solvents are outlined in Section 1.1.3 and the effects of toxicity and the hazardous properties of solvents are considered in Section 1.1.4. 

Fluorinated ethers have been widely tested as anesthetics,3 4 solvents and CFC substitutes and numerous toxicity data have been collected (Tabic 19). 

This method of calculation is based on the use of animal toxicity data to determine limits. As mentioned earlier, this method is particularly suited for determining limits for materials that are not used medically. This method is based upon the concepts of acceptable daily intake (ADI) and no observed effect level (NOEL) developed by scientists in the Environmental Protection Agency [7], the U.S. Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Laboratory [8], and the toxicology department at Abbott Laboratories [9], This method has also been recently used to calculate the limits of organic solvent residues allowed in APIs [10]. 

Galvin, J. B., Toxicity data for commercial hexane and hexane isomers, in Technology and Solvents for Extracting Oilseeds and Nonpetroleum Oils, P. J. Wan and P. J. Wakelyn (Eds ), pp. 75-85, AOCS, Champaign, IL, 1997. 

Ethylene Chlorohydrin. 2-Chtoroeihanol 2-chlo-roethy] alcohol glycol chlorohydrin. C,H,C10 mol wt 80.52. C 29.83%. H 6.26%. Cl 44.04%, O 19.87%. ClCHj-CHjOH. Made from ethylene by action of a hypochlorite. Toxicity data H. F. Smyth et al, 3. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol 23, 259 (1941). E. Browning, Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents (Elsevier, New York, 1965) pp 397-401. Review G. H. Riesser in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 5 (Wiley-interscience, New York, 3rd ed.. 1979) pp 848-864. 

Clear, viscous liquids Or white solids which dissolve in water forming transparent solns. Sol in many organic solvents. Readily sol in aromatic hydrocarbons. Only slightly sol in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Do not hydrolyze or deteriorate on storage, will not support mold growth. Polyethylene glycols are compds of low toxicity Smyth et al, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc., Sci. Ed. 39, 349 (1950). Toxicity data (PEC 400) W. Bartsch et aL, Arzneimittel-Forsch. 26, 1581 (1976). 

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