Solvent-induced changes in the selectivity

Solvent, protic and dipolar aprotic, rates of bimolecular substitution-reactions in, 5,173 Solvent-induced changes in the selectivity of solvolyses in aqueous alcohols and related mixtures,... 

Solvent-induced Changes in the Selectivity of Solvolyses in Aqueous Alcohols and Related Mixtures... 

Several important effects are equilibrium in nature, for example spectral shifts associated with solvent induced changes in solute energy levels are equilibrium properties of the solvent-solute system. Obviously, such observables may themselves be associated with dynamical phenomena, in the example of solvent shifts it is the dynamics of solvation that affects their dynamical evolution (see Chapter 15). Another class of equilibrium effects on radiation-matter interaction includes properties derived from symmetry rules. A solvent can affect a change in the equilibrium configuration of a chromophore solute and consequently the associated selection rules for a given optical transition. Some optical phenomena are sensitive to the symmetry of the environment, for example, surface versus bulk geometry. 

Phase separation in block copolymer films has been shown to be sensitive to the solvent selectivity and its concentration in the film [49, 51, 114, 120, 123]. We emphasize the importance of a well-controlled atmosphere of solvent vapor for the annealing process since even slight changes in the solvent concentration or in the temperature of the system may induce structural phase transitions. 

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