Solutions, effective linear molecular

The size of molecules in solution, measured by , is important both in its own right and because of the effects of changes in on interactions between molecules in solution. For linear polymers, the expansion factor a of Eq. (3.2) can be expressed as a power series in a dimensionless parameter z which is related to the excluded volume per segment pair, p, and the molecular size ... 

Formula (2.3.41) implies that in a system with added electrolyte of a higher valency z, the magnitude of the effective linear charge density is determined by the latter. Upon reduction of the concentration of the added electrolyte (N —> 0) a transition occurs in the way prescribed by (2.3.41) to the effective linear charge as determined by the proper counterions of valency Q in a polyelectrolyte solution free from added low molecular electrolyte. 

Lumley JL (1967) The Toms phenomenon Anomalous effects in turbulent flows of dilute solutions of high molecular weight linear polymers Appl Mech Rev 20 1139... 

The effects of molecular weight on separation has been shown to be negligible over a wide molecular weight range of linear polyethylenes [119]. The reason the separation is not molecular weight dependent has been ascribed to a very controlled crystallization process from dilute solution. By using a very slow and controlled decrease in temperature (in some cases over the course of days), the crystallization process is more thermodynamically controlled and the kinetic effect of chain length on crystallization is diminished. 

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