Solubility, precipitates and

In summary, the mean of solubility, precipitation, and calorimetric data for kaolinite free of particle size effects yields the value for the free energy of formation of -907.7 +0.4 kcal/mol. 

In this chapter we have applied the methods of chapter 4 to ionic equilibria other than those between acids and bases. Of course, complexation, extraction, solubility, precipitation, and redox equilibria may also involve acid-base equilibria, which is why we treated acid-base equilibria first. The examples given here illustrate that the combination of exact theory with the computational power of a spreadsheet allows us to solve many problems that occur in quantitative chemical analysis, and to analyze experimental data accordingly. Even quite complicated titrations, such as the multi-component precipitation titrations, the von Liebig titration, and redox titrations involving many species and complicated stoichiometries, can be handled with ease. 

On a laboratory scale, the complexes are prepared by the coprecipitation method the guest is added to an aqueous solution of the hydrophilic cyclodextrin. The complex is usually less soluble, precipitates and can be isolated by filtration or centrifugation. For water-insoluble guests, diethyl ether can be used to facilitate the phase transfer. The ether then can be blown away by bubbling argon through the solution. The main driving forces for the complex formation are hydrophobic and van-der-Waals interactions. These are the... 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

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