Solid waste, annual amount from

In Kuwait s refineries, over 250 000 barrels of heavy residues higher in sulfur, and metals are upgraded and converted to high quality products by catalytic hydroprocessing, bringing substantial economic returns to the country. These operations generate a substantial amount of deactivated spent catalysts as solid waste every year. Currently, about 6000 tons of spent catalysts are discarded as solid wastes from Kuwait s refineries annually. This will increase further and exceed 10 000 tons/y when a fourth refinery is built to process heavy crudes and residues. 

Fig. 8 PHBISA, Brazil Integration of biofuel and biopolymer production in the sugar cane industry actual (solid arrows) and potential (dashed arrows) utilization of the waste streams. The scheme provides a mass balance of the annually produced amounts of commercialized sucrose, bioethanol and PHA starting from 2,160,000 tons sugar cane per milting season (values based on...

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