Solid-state sintering coarsening

Microstructural coarsening occurs with slow solid-state sintering of the solid. 

In solid-state sintering, the processes of densification and grain growth (coarsening) are usually discussed separately. However, at the final stage of sintering, the two processes take place simultaneously with their rates have mutual influence. To fully... 

Here, the change in interfacial energy (Ay) is due to densification and the change in interfacial area is due to grain coarsening. For solid state sintering, Ay is related to the replacement of solid/vapour interfaces (surface) by... 

Because surface smoothing, coarsening, grain growth, and sintering all generally involve solid-state mass transport, they tend to be temperature-activated processes that obey an exponential Arrhenius-type rate law. Thus, the kinetic constants appearing in the equations for these processes (e.g., B , Kj),K, C)... 

Describe (qualitatively) and mathematically model (quantitatively) morphological evolution processes in solid-state materials such as coarsening, grain growth, and sintering. 

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