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Solid-state optical refrigerators

PRINCIPLES OF SOLID-STATE OPTICAL REFRIGERATION 2.1 Electronic States of Lanthanide Ions... [Pg.191]

The most successful solid-state optical refrigeration results to date have been achieved using solids doped with tripositive lanthanide (Ln ) ions. The 4f shell is only partially filled along the series from Ce to giving rise to electron... [Pg.191]

While the crystal-field interactions are relatively weak in lanthanides, they are an essential ingredient for solid-state optical refrigeration. Each multiplet has a (2/+ l)-fold degeneracy in the total angular momentum that... [Pg.192]

Ln -doped solids for which laser cooling has been observed. Yb is advantageous for solid-state optical refrigeration because its large energy... [Pg.203]

The measurement of the sample temperature is clearly one of the key experiments in solid-state optical refrigerator research, and a great amount of work... [Pg.212]

The performance of a solid-state optical refrigerator is determined by the competition between the cooling power, PcooU and the heat load on the cooling element, Pioad- The change in temperature of the cooling element is given... [Pg.249]

See other pages where Solid-state optical refrigerators is mentioned: [Pg.179]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.185]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.187]    [Pg.189]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.193]    [Pg.195]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.199]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.213]    [Pg.215]    [Pg.217]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.229]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.233]    [Pg.235]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.245]    [Pg.246]    [Pg.247]    [Pg.249]    [Pg.251]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.254]    [Pg.255]    [Pg.257]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.181 , Pg.182 , Pg.186 , Pg.187 , Pg.191 , Pg.192 , Pg.193 , Pg.194 , Pg.195 , Pg.196 , Pg.197 , Pg.198 , Pg.199 , Pg.200 , Pg.203 , Pg.212 , Pg.221 , Pg.245 , Pg.246 , Pg.249 ]



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Optical refrigerators

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