Supercapacitors solid polymer electrolytes

Thus, solid polymer electrolyte of this type can be used in high-frequency supercapacitors. 

Samui, A. B., and P. Sivaraman. 2010. Solid polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors. In Polymer Electrolytes Fundamentals and Applications, C. Sequeira and D. Santos (Eds), 431—470, Cambridge, UK Woodhead Publishing Limited. 

Rodriguez, 1., E. Navarrete, E. A. Dalchiele, L. Sanchez, 1. R. Ramos-Barrado, and F. Martin. 2013. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-LiC104 solid polymer electrolyte and its application in transparent thin film supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources 237 270-276. 

Zhou, J., Y. Yin, A. N. Mansour, and X. Zhou. 2011. Experimental studies of mediator-enhanced polymer electrolyte supercapacitors. Electrochemical and Solid-... 

All-soKd-state supercapacitors are desirable to prevent or reduce corrosion, self-discharge, low energy density, and bulky design [153]. The two types of electrolytes used in all-solid-state supercapacitors are gel electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes (typically used in battery and fuel cell membranes). 

Ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes, such as those used in battery and fuel cell membranes, have been explored for use in supercapacitors [153,159,200,201]. While these electrolytes are environmentally benign and do not leak, conductivities are typically much lower than liquid or gel electrolyte systems, especially at subambient temperatures (important for military and space applications). Nevertheless, capacitance in supercapacitors prepared with solid polymer electrolytes has been reported to be as good as or better than the same devices constructed using liquid electrolytes. Nafion [200], polyethylene oxide [153], and polyvinyl alcohol [153] are the polymers of choice for this application. 

Electrical and electronic industries Electrodes, sensors, gas separation membrane, fuel cell membrane, solid polymer electrolytes for batteries and supercapacitors... 

Al-air fuel cells, Zn-Mn02 and Al-Mn02 cells, were assembled with anodes, cathodes and alkaline solid polymer electrolyte membranes. The electrochemical cells showed excellent cell power density and high electrode utilization. Therefore, these PVA-based solid polymer electrolyte membranes have great advantages in the applications for all-solid-state alkaline fuel cells. Some other potential applications include small electrochemical devices, such as supercapacitors and 3C electronic products. 

The most simple and efficient approach is based on gelation which is a simple method that allow a good compromise between the retention of the IL and its fluidity inside the polymeric network. These so called ion gels are simpler than solid polymer electrolytes and exhibit improved conductivities. In fact ion gels hold both the processability and mechanical properties of polymers, but with added physico-chemical properties and were primary developed as replacements for current solid-state polyelectrolytes in energy devices, such as dye-sensitized solar cells, supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells. (Fernicola et al., 2006 Galinski et al., 2006 Le Bideau et al., 2011 Lu et al., 2002 Mazille et al., 2005 Stephan, 2006)... 

PMMA is amorphous and transparent. It has been applied in optical filters and other optical instruments. Research on its use as an electrolyte was started later than that on the PEO and PAN systems. In 1984, its use as a graft chain of a solid polymer electrolyte based on PEO was reported. This was followed in 1985 by a report on its use as a polymer matrix applied in Li// (CFJ batteries. Subsequently, it has been applied in electronic microdisplays and supercapacitors due to its transparency and electrochemical stability [1]. 

Lee et al. reported on a solid-state redox supercapacitor made using acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)-KCI as the solid polymer electrolyte, and chemically deposited PPY as the conducting polymer electrodes on both surfaces of an NBR film. ° The optimal conditions for the preparation of the PPY/NBR electrode were confirmed to be functions of the uptake of the pyrrole monomer into the NBR matrix and the immersion time in... 

Gao, H., Lian, K., 2014. Proton-conducting polymer electrolytes and their applications in solid supercapacitors a review. RSC Adv. 4,33091-33113. 

Zhong, J., Fan, L.-Q., Wu, X., Wu, J.-H., Liu, G.-J., Lin, J.-M., Huang, M.-L., Wei,Y.-L., 2015b. Improved energy density of quasi-solid-state supercapacitors using sandwich-type redox-active gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim. Acta 166,150-156. 

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