Solid-organ transplantation graft rejection

Successful outcomes in solid-organ transplantation generally are measured in terms of several separate end points (1) preventing acute rejection (2) increasing 1-year graft survival ... 

The introduction of CSA signiflcantly improved the outcomes of transplantation. Since its approval and widespread use, patient and graft survival rates have improved secondary to a lower incidence of acute rejection episodes and severe infectious complications. In heart transplant recipients, for example, 1 -year survival rates increased from 56% to 85%, and 5-year survival rates increased from 31% to 15%P The efficacy of CSA is well established in aU types of solid-organ transplants. Currently, CSA is approved for use in kidney, liver, and heart transplantation. 

The impact of the immune system in human disease is enormous. Immunological diseases e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes melhtus, and asthma solid tumors and hematologic malignancies) are growing at epidemic proportions that require aggressive and innovative approaches to develop new treatments. Immune system-mediated graft rejection remains a formidable obstacle to widespread use of organ transplantation. 

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