Solar irradiance prediction

Of particular interest is the use of IPCE values measured under monochromatic irradiation to predict the photocurrent imder actual solar irradiation ... 

A key attribute of any predictive model is its robustness. The SLP model can be deemed robust when its output—the lifetime estimate—is not overly sensitive to variations in the model parameters or in the values of the inputs. This attribute can be examined in three ways. First, the SLP estimate plotted in Fig. 2.7 did extremely well in predicting the degradation of absorbance in the fluorescent vinyl film even with the approximations and assumptions made to derive the inputs to the model from measured climate data. Conversion of solar irradiance data to irradiance at... 

The Sedona paper described a simple experiment exposing polystyrene standard reference materials (SRMs) to outdoor accelerated weathering conditions under concentrated solar irradiances at four different levels out to the same level of radiant energy. The exposure temperatures were held constant across different irradiance intensities via linked exposure devices. The data from the Sedona paper showed significant deviations from strict reciprocity predictions for the polystyrene SRMs in the experiment as shown in Fig. 11.2. The data indicated that the assumption of strict reciprocity was not a valid assumption for the data shown. 

Real weathering loads on contemporary vehicles cannot be simulated in an accelerated test. Depending on the task, a large number of very different tests are applied. The most important test is artificial weathering and simulated solar irradiation, s. Section 2.2.4.2. Investigations for BMW, for example, showed that 240 hours of sunlight simulation are sufficient to obtain reliable predictions for component lifetime. However, it is decisive that the component test be performed under actual service conditions for the vehicle [203]. 

Long-term prediction of polymer stability towards solar irradiation is very important in the case of application of polymers in the utilization of solar energy such as solar heating systems, solar collectors, solar photovoltaic cells, etc. [1765, 1767]. 

The study of the effects induced by ion irradiation of solid materials, in particular solid carbons, is relevant in many fields of science and technology. Here we focus on its relevance in astrophysics. Solid carbon-bearing species are extremely abundant in space both in the gas and in the solid phases. A wide variety of solid carbons are observed in the interstellar and circumstellar medium as well as in many objects of the Solar System including those collected at or nearby Earth (interplanetary dust particles and meteorites). Observed and/or predicted carbon-bearing solids (or large molecules) include species with different hybridizations (sp, sp, sp" ) such as amorphous carbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fullerenes, nanodiamonds, graphite, and carbon chain molecules. The literature in the field is enormous interesting reviews can be found in a recent special volume of Speetroehimica Acta [1]. 

On grounds of the solar abundances of [40], it has been demonstrated in [37] that the derived MES distribution of neutron irradiation agrees qualitatively with the exponential distributions assumed in the canonical model, even though some deviations are noticed with respect to the canonical weak and strong components.5 The MES provides an excellent fit to the abundances of the 35 nuclides included in the considered set of species, and in fact performs to a quite-similar overall quality as that of the exponential canonical model predictions of [40]. Even a better fit than in the canonical framework is obtained for the s-only nuclides (see [37] for details). The MES model is therefore expected to provide a decomposition of the solar abundances into their s- and r-components that is likely to be more reliable than the one derived from the canonical approach for the absence of the fundamental assumption of exponential distributions of neutron exposures. 

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