Softening and Collapse

Shutdown separator consists of a polymer which, when it reaches a defined temperature (typically 130 °C), softens, and the pores collapse, impeding ionic current to flow between the electrodes. 

Tm is the on-set temperature of the softening process in the product and close to the collapse temperature, Tc. 

Your entire life is affected when one whiff of perfume, fabric softener or fresh paint can result in a throbbing headache, brain dysfunction, an asthma attack, a convulsion or a myriad of other symptoms. Work performance, relationships and community ties collapse when your olfactory system is so heightened that you become ill from the smell of laundry products on the clothes of someone sitting all the way across the room. Fear overcomes you when suddenly carpeting, photocopies, car exhaust and other products produce the same effects, and the only way to protect yourself is through isolation. 

In the final step, the tube is removed from the lathe after sufficient layers have been deposited, and the entire preform is heated to the softening point of the quartz tube. The tube collapses and is drawn into fiber. In this process, the inner core that remains after MCVD layering is removed. Typical preforms are on the order of 1 m in length, from which hundreds of kilometers of continuous optical fiber can be fabricated. 

Hadronic equation of state at high density, p = po to 4po, Po 2.4 X 1024 g/cm3 the saturation density for the asymmetric nuclear matter found in the collapsing core. A moderate softening of nuclear matter under these conditions allows the core to collapse further into the gravitational well and thus increases the shock energy at formation. 

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