Soft tissues sampling temperature

Wan mimics the mechanical behavior of cardiovascular tissues, such as aorta and heart valve leaflets. The stress-strain properties for porcine aorta are matched by microbial cellulose-poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite in both the circumferential and the axial tissue directions. Relaxation properties of the nanocomposite, which are important for cardiovascular applications, were also studied and found to relax at a faster rate and to a lower residual stress than the tissues they might replace. The study showed that this nanocomposite is a promising material for cardiovascular soft tissue replacement applications. The aim of a study by Mohammadi et al. was to mimic not only the nonlinear mechanical properties displayed by porcine heart valves, but also their anisotropic behavior, by applying a controlled strain to the samples while imdergoing low-temperature thermal cycling, in order to induce oriented mechanical properties. 

Two new independently developed techniques called Dart ° (direct analysis in real time) and Desi (desorption electrospray ionisation) are making a huge impact on mass spectrometry. Together they remove the need for sample preparation and vacuum, speed up analysis time and can work in the open air. The sample is held in a gas or liquid stream at room temperature and the impact induces the surface desorption of ions. The ions then continue into the vacuum interface of the MS for analysis. Samples can be hard, soft or even liquid in nature. Ifa et al. have used Desi to image biological samples in two dimensions, recording images of tissue sections and the relative concentrations of molecules therein. Jeol have launched a commercial Dart ion source for non-contact analysis of materials in open air under ambient conditions. 

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