Sodium ions, migration

Sodium ions migrate out of the cavities Ca2+ ions from die hard water move in to replace them. 

Because of the high values of conductivity which in individual cases are found at room temperature, such compounds are often called superionic conductors or ionic superconductors but these designations are unfounded, and a more correct designation is solid ionic conductors. Strictly unipolar conduction is typical for all solid ionic conductors in the silver double salts, conduction is due to silver ion migration, whereas in the sodium polyaluminates, conduction is due to sodium ion migration. 

Equation (5.1) represents the hydrolysis of the salt of a weak acid. The sodium ion migrates into the solution, and the hydroxyl ion released in the glass can then attack the otherwise stable silica network, converting a bridging oxygen into a non-bridging site, thus disrupting the network ... 

If activity coefficients are disregarded, and if it is assumed that the standard values g (NaCl) are same on both sides of the barrier, then this is equivalent to requiring that [[Na J[CI"]]Ie([ = [[Na+][Cl"]]Right The sodium ions are supplied by the polyelectrolyte as well as the added salt. Furthermore, if a sodium ion migrates through the membrane it has to be accompanied by chloride ion in order to maintain electrical neutrality on both sides of the membrane. It follows that, at equilibrium... 

Na + Cl — Na+ + Clin an electrolytic system in which a current passes between two poles, the positively charged sodium ions migrate to the cathode, the negatively charged pole. Because of this ions with a positive... 

If the cathode reaction in direction Y is limited by sodium ion migration through the product Na COg, the growth distance y at time t along the electronically shorted surface would be expressed by... 

The sodium ions migrated into the cathode chamber where they formed sodium hydroxide, 52.6% of the sodium chlorate was converted to chloric acid at an operating temperature of 54 °C and a current density of 1.2kA/m. ... 

Unlike /l"-alumina, which is a two-dimensional ionic conductor, NASICON possesses a crystal structure that allows sodium ion migration in three dimensions. The basic strncture consists of a three-dimensional network of PO4 an Si04 tetrahedra corner-shared with ZrOe octahedra, with sodium ions in interstitial positions. 

Once the sodium ions migrate out of the EAP in response to the electric impulse, then an ionic concentration gradient occurs. Due to osmosis, water rapidly leaves these flexible EAPs due to the higher ion concentration outside of the EAP once the sodium ions have migrated external to the EAP due to the placement of the cathode (the external negative electrode) and due to the local pH effects at the anode (the embedded positive electrode). 

Strictly unipolar conduction is typical for all solid ionic conductors in the silver double salts, conduction is because of silver ion migration, while in the sodium polyaluminates, conduction is because of sodium ion migration. 

Fresh salt is dissolved in recycled (depleted) brine which is filtered and purified by the addition of Na2C03, NaOH, etc., to remove the dissolved calcium and magnesium salts by precipitation. It is fed at controlled rate to the electrolytic cell. Sodium ions migrate through the special membrane to the cathode chamber and... 

Sodium chloride solution enters the anode compartment, where Cl ion is oxidized to CI2.Sodium ion migrates from the anode compartment through the membrane to the cathode compartment. Here water is reduced to hydrogen and 0H ion.Sodium hydroxide solution is removed at the bottom of the cathode compartment. 

When molten sodium chloride is elecirolyzed, sodium ions migrate to the cathode, where they react with electrons. 

Sodium ion migrates Reduced to to cathode sodium metal... 

A.N. Cormack, J. Du, T.R. Zeitler, Sodium ion migration mechanisms in silicate glasses probed by molecular dynamics simulations. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 323, 147-154 (2003)... 

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