Sodium chloride stoichiometry ratio

Chloride Reductant. Processes prior to 1945 used hydrochloric acid as both the acid and reducing agent. Hydrochloric acid is oxidized to chlorine gas and chlorate is reduced to chlorine dioxide. The overall stoichiometry produces a 2 1 molar ratio of chlorine dioxide to chlorine. Sodium chloride is a by-product ... 

At low chloride ion concentrations, the stoichiometry of the reaction corresponds to Eq. 69, but at high chloride ion concentrations, relatively more chlorine is formed (24, 99, 135, 193, 217, 226). Bray (24) observed that the ratio of chlorine to chlorine dioxide formed was 1.1 2 and that the ratio of chlorate ion that reacted to chloride ion that reacted was 1.12 1. He found that relatively more chlorine was formed at higher temperatures. Bray also reported that chloric acid reacted with concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60 C in the dark to produce essentially no chlorine dioxide. A solution that originally contained IN sulfuric acid, IM sodium chloride, and IM sodium chlorate yielded 1 part chlorine dioxide cUid 4000 parts chlorine as products. Hirschberg (94) found that the yield of chlorine dioxide could be increased markedly and the amount of chlorine produced correspondingly reduced by using small amounts of Ag" " and Mn catalysts. 

Treatment of a benzene solution of VI with an excess of nickel chloride in methanol resulted in the precipitation of a yellow powder. This was recrystallized from methanol to give air-stable yellow-orange crystals (60%) with the stoichiometry (VI) NiCl2 -3MeOH (by combustion analysis). When this recrystallized complex was treated with excess aqueous sodium cyanide in the presence of CgDg at room temperature for 10 min VI was regenerated, but now the 3 3P NMR absorptions at 6 -58.1 and -64.0 ppm were in an area ratio of 95 5. Similar treatment of VII with nickel chloride led to a dark oily precipitate which required considerable manipulation to partially purify it. Treatment with sodium cyanide as above led to the regeneration of VII also enriched in the major isomer (85 15). 

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