Sodium bromide modifying reagent

The procedure that follows specifies a certain proportion of 1-butanol, sodium bromide, sulfuric acid, and water defines the reaction temperature and time and describes operations to be performed in working up the reaction mixture. The prescription of quantities is based upon considerations of stoichiometry as modified by the results of experimentation. Before undertaking a preparative experiment you should analyze the procedure and calculate the molecular proportions of the reagents. Construction of tables (see p. 178) of properties of starting material, reagents, products, and by-products provides guidance in regulation of temperature and in separa-... 

Micelles and cyclodextrins are the most common reagents used for this technique. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC or MEKC) is generally used for the separation of small molecules [6], Sodium dodecyl sulfate at concentrations from 20 to 150 mM in conjunction with 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.3) or phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) represent the most common operating conditions. The mechanism of separation is related to reversed-phase liquid chromatography, at least for neutral solutes. Organic solvents such as 5-20% methanol or acetonitrile are useful to modify selectivity when there is too much retention in the system. Alternative surfactants such as bile salts (sodium cholate), cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethy-lammonium bromide), nonionic surfactants (poly-oxyethylene-23-lauryl ether), and alkyl glucosides can be used as well. 

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